Maudsley Hospital

Last updated

Maudsley Hospital
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Maudsley Hospital Main Building.jpg
Maudsley Hospital
Southwark London UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location within Southwark
Geography
Location Denmark Hill, London, England, United Kingdom
Organisation
Care system National Health Service
Type Specialist
Affiliated university King's College London
Services
Emergency department Via hospital A&E
Beds250
Speciality Psychiatric hospital
History
Opened1923
Links
Website www.slam.nhs.uk/our-services/hospital-care/maudsley-hospital OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London. The Maudsley is the largest mental health training institution in the UK. It is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and works in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. [1] The hospital was one of the originating institutions in producing the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines . It is part of the King's Health Partners academic health science centre and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health. [2]

Contents

History

Early history

The Maudsley story dates from 1907, when once leading Victorian psychiatrist Henry Maudsley offered London County Council £30,000 (apparently earned from lucrative private practice in the West End) to help found a new mental hospital that would be exclusively for early and acute cases rather than chronic cases, have an out-patients' clinic and provide for teaching and research. [3] Maudsley's associate Frederick Walker Mott had proposed the original idea and he conducted the negotiations, with Maudsley remaining anonymous until the offer was accepted. Mott, a neuropathologist, had been influenced by a visit to Emil Kraepelin's psychiatric clinic with attached postgraduate teaching facilities in Munich, Germany. [4] The Council agreed to contribute half the building costs - eventually rising to £70,000 - and then covered the running costs which were almost twice as high per bed as the large asylums. The hospital also incorporated the Central Pathological Laboratory, transferred from Claybury Hospital, run by Mott. [4] Construction of the hospital was completed in 1915. [3] An Act of Parliament had to be obtained, that year, to allow the institution to accept voluntary patients without needing to certify them as insane. [3]

However, before it could open, the building was requisitioned to treat war veterans. [3] After the war it was returned to the control of London County Council and it finally opened as the Maudsley Hospital in February 1923. [3] The first superintendent was psychiatrist Edward Mapother, while Frederick Golla took over the running of the pathology lab from Mott. Both were more sceptical of the Kraepelinian categories of diagnosis, and took a more pragmatic and eclectic view on causation and treatment. Psychiatrist Mary Barkas worked here between 1923 and 1927 in the children's department established by William Dawson. [5]

In the interwar period the Maudsley Hospital engaged in widespread experimentation with animal hormones, both in small doses to rectify supposed deficits and in overdoses as a shock therapy. [6] Numerous psychoactive drugs and procedures were tried out, in what has been described as 'unconstrained experimentation'. One of those involved, as a trainee and then junior doctor, was the controversial William Sargant. [7] The hospital's nursing staff comprised a matron, assistant matron, six sisters and 19 staff nurses with at least three years general hospital training, supported by 23 probationers and 12 male nurses. It had a good reputation for training nurses and some applicants even travelled overseas to train there. A report (held at Bethlem's Archives & Museum) from a nurse who trained at the Maudsley shows some of the work of a new trainee: "Apart from observation and simple treatment, nurses are trained in special investigations and therapy. They carry out many of the routine psychometric tests, help as technicians in the ward laboratories, and are instructors in occupational therapy". [8]

The Maudsley Hospital Medical School was established in 1924 and eventually became a well-respected teaching centre. In 1932, Mapother described it as "the main postgraduate school of mental medicine in England." The Maudsley Hospital had initially struggled to secure funding from the Medical Research Council, and, to undertake further research and develop the Medical School, but a substantial grant was obtained in 1938 from American charity the Rockefeller Foundation. [9] Originally, there was no provision for the treatment of children and the rapid growth in this patient population was unforeseen. A child guidance clinic was set up under the directorship of Dr William Moodie, the deputy medical superintendent, in 1928. [3] The late 1920s and 1930s saw a rapid growth in the number of patients treated: this growth led to an ongoing building programme including a secure unit, completed in 1931, and an out-patients department, completed in 1933. [3]

Both Mapother and then deputy Aubrey Lewis supported involuntary eugenic sterilisation, unequivocally recommending it to the Brock Committee in 1932. Lewis was a member of the Eugenics Society and a 1934 chapter he authored is "remarkable for its total admiration for the German work and workers". [10] With the spread of National Socialist (Nazi) laws in Germany from 1933, however, they decried the Nazi conflation of therapy and punishment, a move partly attributed to political and funding expediency. The Maudsley maintained its links with Germany, taking on both pro-Nazis and Jewish emigres through fellowships provided by the Commonwealth Fund and, after 1935, large scale funds from the American Rockefeller Foundation. Eliot Slater continued to visit Munich through the 1930s and contributed to academic festivities honouring Nazi eugenicist Ernst Rudin. During this time, Maudsley psychiatry developed a distinctive combination of practical experimentation and intellectual scepticism. [7] [11] Influential psychiatrist Aubrey Lewis became clinical director of the Maudsley in 1936. [12] [13]

At the outbreak of the Second World War, and with the threat of air-raids, the Maudsley Hospital closed and staff dispersed to two locations: a temporary hospital at Mill Hill School in north London and Belmont Hospital in Sutton, Surrey. [3] Staff returned to the Maudsley site in 1945 and three years later the Maudsley joined up with the Bethlem Royal Hospital to become partners in the newly established National Health Service (NHS). [3]

Post-war

In the 1960s a group from the Maudsley Hospital attacked the use of lithium for mood disorders. The head, Aubrey Lewis, called it "dangerous nonsense", and colleagues published that it was therapeutically ineffective. Their objections have recently been described as 'poorly grounded' and having steered practitioners away from a beneficial agent. [14] In 1999, the Maudsley Hospital became part of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust ("SLaM"), along with the Bethlem Royal Hospital. [3]

Services

The trust manages one of the UK's few biomedical research centres specialising in mental health. The centre, managed in partnership with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, is based on the Maudsley Hospital campus and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). [2]

Media

In 2013 South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (‘SLaM’) took part in a Channel 4 observational documentary entitled Bedlam . The final programme, "Breakdown", focused on older adults, including those admitted to the Older Adults Ward at Maudsley Hospital. [15]

Notable staff

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raj Persaud</span>

Rajendra 'Raj' Persaud FRCPsych is an English consultant psychiatrist, broadcaster and author of books about psychiatry. He is known for raising public awareness of psychiatric and mental health issues in the general media, has published five books and received numerous awards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience</span> Research institution in London, England

The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) is a leading centre for mental health and neuroscience research, education and training in Europe. It is dedicated to understanding, preventing and treating mental illness, neurological conditions, and other conditions that affect the brain. The IoPPN is a faculty of King's College London, England, and was previously known as the Institute of Psychiatry (IoP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Maudsley</span> English psychiatrist (1835–1918)

Henry Maudsley was a pioneering English psychiatrist, commemorated in the Maudsley Hospital in London and in the annual Maudsley Lecture of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mental health trust</span> Social care services for people with mental health disorders in England

A mental health trust provides health and social care services for people with mental health disorders in England.

Eliot Trevor Oakeshott Slater MD was a British psychiatrist who was a pioneer in the field of the genetics of mental disorders. He held senior posts at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, and the Institute of Psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital. He was the author of some 150 scientific papers and the co-author of several books on psychiatric topics, notably on disputed 'physical methods'. From the mid-50s to his death, he co-edited Clinical Psychiatry, the leading textbook for psychiatric trainees.

Nick (Nicandros) Bouras is a Greek professor (emeritus) of psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London, United Kingdom. and Programme Director of Maudsley International that promotes developments in mental health around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust</span> NHS foundation trust based in London, England

South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, also known as SLaM, is an NHS foundation trust based in London, England, which specialises in mental health. It comprises four psychiatric hospitals, the Ladywell Unit based at University Hospital Lewisham, and over 100 community sites and 300 clinical teams. SLaM forms part of the institutions that make up King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Shepherd (psychiatrist)</span> Psychiatrist

Michael Shepherd, CBE, FRCP, FRCPsych (Hon), FAPA (Corr), FAPHA was one of the most influential and internationally respected psychiatrists of his time, formerly Professor of Epidemiological Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist, The Maudsley Hospital, London and author of a number of influential publications in the field of psychiatry, including the seminal work Psychiatric Illness in General Practice.

Sir Aubrey Julian Lewis, FRCP, FRCPsych, was the first Professor of Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, and is credited with being a driving force behind the flowering of British psychiatry after World War II as well as raising the profile of the profession worldwide.

Pamela Jane Taylor, is a British psychiatrist and academic, who specialises in the links between psychosis and violence, and mental and physical health in the criminal justice system. Since 2004, she has been Professor of Forensic Psychiatry in the Department Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences of Cardiff University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Psychosis Unit</span> Hospital in England

The National Psychosis Unit is a national treatment centre for patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, in the United Kingdom. The unit is a tertiary referral centre in the National Health Service. It is located at the Bethlem Royal Hospital, part of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. It is closely affiliated to the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and forms part of the Psychosis Clinical Academic Group of King's Health Partners.

Dr Isabella McDougall Robertson, also known as Lady Frankau, was a British psychiatrist who specialised in alcohol and drug addiction.

King's Health Partners is an academic health science centre located in London, United Kingdom. It comprises King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lambeth Hospital</span> Psychiatric hospital in Lambeth, London

Lambeth Hospital is a mental health facility in Landor Road, South London. It was previously known as the "Landor Road hospital" and is now operated by the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and is affiliated with King's College London's Institute of Psychiatry. It is also part of the King's Health Partners academic health science centre and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health.

David Hazell Clark was an innovative psychiatrist who was medical Superintendent at Fulbourn Hospital (1953–1983).

Bedlam is a British mental health documentary that was filmed at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM). The series offers unprecedented access to clinical services, patients and staff at the Trust.

The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines is a referenced prescribing guideline for psychotropic drugs.

Edward Mapother was a physician who, as the first medical superintendent of the Maudsley Hospital and creator of the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, was perhaps the most influential figure establishing clinical and academic psychiatry in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eileen Skellern</span>

Eileen Skellern FRCN (1923–1980) was an English psychiatric nurse who was involved in pioneering psychosocial and psychotherapeutic methods for treating patients. She helped open up new roles for nurses in mental health work, and demonstrated that they could be equal partners in a team, taking personal responsibility for patient care while collaborating with doctors and playing an important part in new developments in therapeutic treatment. While also taking a lead in education, administration and policy development, she did research and published in medical and nursing journals, and was a member of key committees in her field.

Shubulade Smith is a British academic and consultant psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM). She is a senior lecturer at King's College, London and Clinical Director at the NCCMH and forensic services at SLaM, and is currently serving as the first black President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

References

  1. ↑ "Who we are". slam.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
  2. 1 2 "Welcome". Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Maudsley Hospital" . Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  4. 1 2 Jones, E; Rahman, S; Woolven, R (2007). "The Maudsley Hospital: design and strategic direction, 1923–1939". Med Hist. 51 (3): 357–78. doi:10.1017/s0025727300001484. PMC   1894884 . PMID   17603658.
  5. ↑ "Mary Barkas (1889–1959)". Psychoanalytikerinnen. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  6. ↑ Evans, B; Jones, E (2012). "Organ extracts and the development of psychiatry: hormonal treatments at the Maudsley Hospital 1923-1938". J Hist Behav Sci. 48 (3): 251–76. doi:10.1002/jhbs.21548. PMC   3594693 . PMID   22644956.
  7. 1 2 Roelcke, Volker; Weindling, Paul J.; Westwood, Louise (2010). Chapter 4: Germany and the Making of "English" Psychiatry: The Maudsley Hospital, 1908–1939. Boydell & Brewer, University of Rochester Press. ISBN   9781580463393.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ "Our history:1900-2000". South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  9. ↑ Marion, DW; Darby, J; Yonas, H (1991). "Acute regional cerebral blood flow changes caused by severe head injuries". J Neurosurg. 74 (3): 407–14. doi:10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0407. PMID   1899694.
  10. ↑ Mazumdar, Pauline (2005). The Eugenics Society, Its Sources and Its Critics in Britain. Routledge. p. 213. ISBN   978-0415044240.
  11. ↑ Felder, Björn M.; Weindling, Paul J. (2013). Baltic Eugenics: Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918–1940 : 3. Eliot Slater and the Institutionalization of Psychiatric Genetics in the United Kingdom. Rodopi. ISBN   978-9042037229.
  12. ↑ Jones, E (2003). "Aubrey Lewis, Edward Mapother and the Maudsley". Med Hist Suppl. 47 (22): 3–38. doi:10.1017/S0025727300073415. PMC   2531006 . PMID   15915727.
  13. ↑ "Aubrey Julian (Sir) Lewis". Royal College of Physicians. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  14. ↑ Shorter, E (2009). "The history of lithium therapy". Bipolar Disord. 11 (Suppl 2): 4–9. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00706.x. PMC   3712976 . PMID   19538681.
  15. ↑ "Welcome to Bedlam on C4". South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  16. ↑ Barker, Phil (8 January 2002). "Annie Altschul". The Guardian.

51°28′08″N00°05′28″W / 51.46889°N 0.09111°W / 51.46889; -0.09111

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.