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MegaSquirt is a general-purpose aftermarket electronic fuel injection (EFI) controller designed to be used with a wide range of spark-ignition internal combustion engines (i.e., non-diesel engines.) MegaSquirt was designed by Bruce Bowling and Al Grippo in 2001.
The Megasquirt's predecessor was the EFI332 project, led by Bruce Bowling and Al Grippo. EFI332 development started around 1999 and culminated in the release of about 200 kits in 2000. The system used a 32-bit MC68332 microcontroller from Motorola. A very steep coding, electronic design, and tuning curve prevented the system from gaining wider acceptance. [1]
The designers then decided to simplify the EFI332 design, and focus on managing the fuel injectors (the EFI332 was also designed to control the spark plug ignition system if so desired). This was the basis for the first MegaSquirt (MS-I).
The MegaSquirt was launched on September 15, 2001. [2]
| MegaSquirt | MegaSquirt II | MicroSquirt | MicroSquirt module | Megasquirt III [3] | MS3Pro [4] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Released | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2010 | 2012 (updated in 2017) |
| Processor | 8-Bit MC68HC908 | 16-bit MC9S12C64 | 16-bit MC9S12C64 | 16-bit MC9S12C64 | 16-bit MC9S12XEP100 | 16-bit MC9S12XEP100 |
| Speed | 8 MHz | 24 MHz | 24 MHz | 24 MHz | 50 MHz (+100 MHz XGATE) | 50 MHz (+100 MHz XGATE) |
| Flash | 32 kB | 128 kB | 128 kB | 128 kB | 1024 kB + 32kB data flash | 1024 kB + 32kB data flash |
| User RAM | 512 B | 4 kB | 4 kB | 4 kB | 64 kB | 64 kB |
| Features | Depends on firmware, Inexpensive | More precise fuel control, Ignition Control, CAN Bus, GPIO, Inexpensive, User Spare Output Ports, Automatic Mixture Control, Flex fuel (E85) abilities | Same Features as MS-II, plus Small Size, Sealed case, Dual Ignition/Injection Channels, Assembled | Single card complete MS2 based ECU designed to be used as the basis of an ECU of the user's creation. Includes firmware license. | Extension of MS2, V8 sequential fuel and spark, many more i/os. Wide range of OEM crank/cam wheels supported. Many racing features built in. Onboard USB-serial, SD card datalogging. See the detailed cross reference. | Refined Engineering and Packaging of MS3 creating a Ready to Use Standalone Engine Management system less targeted at the DIYer and more at the amateur/semi-pro racer. Turning MegaSquirt DIY technology into a Premium Standalone EMS. |
For a more detailed cross-reference of the features available within the MegaSquirt range of products, see MegaSquirt product cross reference
The assembled controller takes input from several sensors in order to manage the fuel injectors, including a throttle position sensor (TPS), exhaust gas oxygen sensor (EGO or O2 sensor), MAP sensor, Crankshaft Position Sensor, optional Camshaft Position Sensor, Intake Air Temperature sensor (IAT), and a Coolant Temperature Sensor (CLT). The default calibration is configured to match common General Motors type, although the controller can easily be recalibrated to use nearly any sensor on nearly any engine.
As the product line of Engine Management Systems has evolved through multiple hardware and firmware revisions, at least when referring to the Legacy/DIY oriented MegaSquirt Systems (kit type ECUs) it is difficult to be specific about the capabilities of any particular MegaSquirt without knowing three things: microcontroller, printed circuit board and firmware versions. As for the commercial/refined MS3Pro and MSPNP lines, this is far simpler as these systems were engineered to 'just work' and not aimed at the DIYer.
The version 1.0 MegaSquirt used an 8-bit Motorola MC68HC908 microcontroller, and all versions of the main board support this processor. The later MegaSquirt-II processor upgrade daughter card includes a 16-bit MC9S12, and is a step up from the original MC68HC908 processor MegaSquirt. The current Megasquirt-III uses a 16bit MC9S12XEP100 processor running at 50 MHz which includes a 100 MHz RISC core.
The first group buy of printed circuit boards for the original MegaSquirt-I was in 2001. These boards are V1.01 main boards, and are no longer available. The second group buy in 2002, as well as all following purchases until 2005 are V2.2 main boards, and have a V2.2 printed in the upper left corner of the PCB. MegaSquirt ECU's have not been sold by group buy since 2002. Instead, vendors resell the Bowling and Grippo offerings, and they keep stock current, so all items are normally available at all times. There is a list of vendors in the megamanual. Starting in July 2005, the V3 PCB was made available to use some of the advanced features of the MegaSquirt-II. As of August 2007, the v2.2 and v3 boards are still available.
There is a newer version of the PCB. The V3.57 is a surface-mount device (SMD) version of the MegaSquirt V3 "thru-hole" main board. The 3.57 version of the board was created in order to allow for automated assembly of the majority of components using automated pick and place (machine assembly) and reflow soldering. The boards are meant for those unable or unwilling to assemble their own main board. Note that the V3.57 board is not a replacement for the "build-it-yourself" boards, but rather an additional version of the MegaSquirt main board intended to make life easier for distributors who are building their boards for resale, to compete with mainstream ECU suppliers.
Although this board uses surface-mount components, the layout is the same as in the V3 main board, apart from the omission of the DIY-oriented prototype area (the 3.57 is not meant to be a DIY board, of course). Component numbering remains the same in nearly all cases. In fact, this board version started with the V3 main board, and maintains the 4-layer construction and power distribution. It is the same size (4" x 6") and the connectors are in the same places, so it fits in the standard case with no modifications (though some modifications may be necessary for additional functionality).
The licensing surrounding Megasquirt has at times been misunderstood.
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