Meitei martial arts

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Meitei martial arts
SARIT SARAK - KHUNAMDA NAAKAN PAIBA (9).jpg
A performance of Sarit Sarak, an unarmed hand to hand combat
Country of originFlag of India.svg  India
Parenthood Meitei culture (Meitei intangible cultural heritage)
Descendant arts Cheibi, Huiyen Lallong (Thang Ta, Sarit Sarak), Mukna, etc.
Related arts Meitei traditional games
Martial artyes

Meitei martial arts are traditional combat practices originating from the cultural heritage of the Meitei ethnicity, predominantly in the state of Manipur, as well as in Assam and Tripura, in northeastern India, besides Bangladesh and Myanmar. These arts encompass a variety of techniques that combine both armed and unarmed forms of fighting, focusing on skill development, physical conditioning, and tactical strategy. They are deeply embedded in the cultural and historical fabric of the Meitei civilisation, with roots in warfare, self-defense, and spiritual discipline. Over time, these martial practices evolved not only as means of protection but also as a way to preserve cultural identity and values. Today, Meitei martial arts are practiced to maintain physical fitness, promote mental focus, and honor the regional and ethnic Meitei intangible cultural heritage. [1] [2]

Contents

History

Meitei martial arts reached its golden age during the rule of King Khagemba (1597-1652 CE). The Chainarol manuscript, written in the 16th and 17th centuries, explains the war rules of the time. It says that if an unarmed person was challenged, they could get weapons and decide when to fight. If someone got a wound and blood was shed during the fight, that person lost. Afterward, the fighters would share food and wine provided by their wives. The winner would then cut off the loser's head and, if asked, cremate the body. The winner often kept the head as a trophy. [3] After losing the Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891, Manipur was taken over by the British, who banned people in Manipur to own weapons and to practise the Meitei martial arts, including Thang Ta. Thus, these martial art forms went underground and was kept alive by a few experts. When India became independent in 1947, Manipur joined India in 1949 and became a state in 1972. Slowly, these martial art forms started to come back. [4]

Styles

Cheibi

Cheibi , also known as Cheibi Gad-Ga, is a classical Meitei traditional martial art form, originated from the Ancient Kangleipak (present day Manipur state). It is practised using sticks and shields. [5] [6] "Cheibi" itself is the name of the stick used in the martial art form. [7] [8] [9]

To decide who wins, points are earned during the duel. The points are given based on a combination of the participant's skill and the amount of force they use. [10] [11]

Huiyen Lallong

A Thang-Ta practitioner Thang-Ta.jpg
A Thang-Ta practitioner

Huiyen Lallong martial art form has two forms, which are Thang Ta and Sarit Sarak. [1]

Thang Ta

Thang Ta (/thaang-taa/) is a classical Meitei traditional martial art form, originated from the Ancient Kangleipak (present day Manipur state). It is practised using weaponry. It is considered as the sibling of Sarit Sarak, which uses no weapons. [12]

Thang-Ta is made up of four main parts: the spear dance (Ta-khousarol), sword fighting (Thanghairol), unarmed combat (Sarit-Sarat), and the art of touch and call (Thengkourol). [13]

Sarit Sarak

Sarit Sarak or Sharit Sharak is a classical Meitei traditional martial art form, originated from the Ancient Kangleipak (present day Manipur state). It is practised without using any weaponry. [2] [14] It is also defined as "hand to hand combat." [15] It is considered as the sibling of Thang Ta, which uses weapons. [16] [17]

Mukna

Mukna is a traditional Meitei form of wrestling from Manipur, India. It is a significant part of the Meitei martial arts and involves various techniques of grappling, throws, and holds. It is often performed during traditional Meitei festivals and has been an important aspect of the Meitei culture for centuries. [18]

See also

References

    1. 1 2 Awangcha Mangang, Saikhom (2005-02-12). Thang Tagee Liklam Lichat (in Manipuri). India: Internet Archive; Digital Library of India.
    2. 1 2 Sanglen, Kangleinat Sindam (1986). Sharit Shara (in Manipuri). India: Internet Archive; Digital Library of India.
    3. ↑ Green, Thomas A.., Svinth, Joseph R.. Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. United States: ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 294-297
    4. ↑ Green, Thomas A.., Svinth, Joseph R.. Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. United States: ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 294-297
    5. ↑ "চৈবি চেম্পিয়নশিপ পাঙথোক্লগনি" (PDF). Hueiyen Lanpao (in Manipuri).
    6. ↑ "মঙশাতাবম ইবোয়াইমা অমসুং অরাম্বম প্যূনবতি চৈবি চেম্পিয়নশিপ হৌদোকখে" (PDF). Hueiyen Lanpao (in Manipuri).
    7. ↑ "Cheibi Gad-Ga (India) - Traditional Sports". www.traditionalsports.org. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
    8. ↑ Rannjan, Manish (2023-08-19). Indian Art & Culture Book. P. P. p. 127. ISBN   978-93-5521-694-6.
    9. ↑ DeMarco, Michael (2020-10-15). Martial and Healing Traditions of India: An Anthology from the Journal of Asian Martial Arts. M. P. p. 67. ISBN   979-8-6942-6317-7.
    10. ↑ "Cheibi Gad-Ga (India) - Traditional Sports". www.traditionalsports.org. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
    11. ↑ Rannjan, Manish (2023-08-19). Indian Art & Culture Book. P. P. p. 127. ISBN   978-93-5521-694-6.
    12. ↑ Awangcha Mangang, Saikhom (2005-02-12). Thang Tagee Liklam Lichat (in Manipuri). India: Internet Archive; Digital Library of India.
    13. ↑ Green, Thomas A.., Svinth, Joseph R.. Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation. United States: ABC-CLIO, 2010. p. 294-297
    14. ↑ The Unifier. Victor RK. p. 39. ISBN   978-93-5311-444-2.
    15. ↑ RAMASUBRAMANIYAN, R. (2023-06-01). THE THIRD EYE: DISMANTLING GLOBAL HINDUPHOBIA. N. P. p. 174. ISBN   979-8-89002-893-8.
    16. ↑ Sanglen, Kangleinat Sindam (1986). Sharit Shara (in Manipuri). India: Internet Archive; Digital Library of India.
    17. ↑ "Thang -ta and Sarit - Sarak: Manipuri Martial Arts! | Sankalp India Foundation". www.sankalpindia.net. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
    18. ↑ Dutta, Sristidhar; Tripathy, Byomakesh (2006). Martial Traditions of North East India. CPC. p. 254. ISBN   978-81-8069-335-9.

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