The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. It was discovered in 1784 by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, and Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring alluded to this structure in 1791. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
Pinus nigra, the Austrian pine or black pine, is a moderately variable species of pine, occurring across southern Mediterranean Europe from Spain to the eastern Mediterranean on Anatolian peninsula of Turkey and on Corsica/Cyprus, including Crimea, and in the high mountains of the Maghreb in North Africa.
Linea nigra, often referred to as a pregnancy line, is a linear hyperpigmentation that commonly appears on the abdomen. The brownish streak is usually about a centimeter in width. The line runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen from the pubis to the umbilicus, but can also run from the pubis to the top of the abdomen.
Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe and North America. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry and European black elderberry. It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations.
The Wych Elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Nigra', commonly known as the Black Irish Elm, was found in the Kilkenny area c.1770 by the father of nurseryman John Robertson of Kilkenny, who later cultivated it. Robertson stated that he had not seen the form outside Ireland. It was listed by Loddiges (1830) as Ulmus nigra, and described by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum (1838), as Ulmus montana nigra. 'Nigra' is not mentioned in either Elwes and Henry's or Bean's classic works on British trees.
Nepenthes nigra is a tropical pitcher plant known from a number of mountains across Central Sulawesi, where it grows at elevations of 1500–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet nigra refers to the dark colouration of the pitchers and stem. The species is closely related to N. hamata and N. tentaculata.
Menesia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Menesia bimaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia burmanensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954.
Menesia immaculipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954.
Menesia longitarsis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra.
Menesia subguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia nigriceps is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1903. It contains the varietas Menesia nigriceps var. inhumeralis.
Menesia niveoguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia gleneoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1965. It is known from Laos.
Menesia palliata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867. It is known from Malaysia and Singapore.
Menesia livia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867. It is known from Moluccas.
Menesia bipunctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zoubkov in 1829, originally under the genus Saperda. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia. It measures between 6 to 9 mm. It feeds on Juglans regia and Frangula alnus.
Menesia flavotecta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Heyden in 1886. It is known from Japan, Russia, China, and possibly Mongolia.
Menesia sulphurata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825, originally under the genus Saperda. It is known from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Japan, China, and Russia.
