Microcotyle korathai

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Microcotyle korathai
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Monogenea
Order: Mazocraeidea
Family: Microcotylidae
Genus: Microcotyle
Species:
M. korathai
Binomial name
Microcotyle korathai
Gupta & Krishna, 1980

Microcotyle korathai is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. It was first described and illustrated based on 6 specimens from the gills of the Indian mackerel Scomber microlepidotus (Scombridae) off Odisha, India. [1] (The fish host is currently named Rastrelliger kanagurta ). [2]

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Fish vertebrate animal that lives in water and (typically) has gills

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods. Because in this manner the term "fish" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology, unless it is used in the cladistic sense, including tetrapods. The traditional term pisces is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.

Microcotylidae Family of worms

Microcotylidae is a family of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans. All the species in this family are parasitic on fish.

Contents

Description

Microcotyle korathai has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle , with an elongate symmetrical body, tapering at both ends and comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical, bilateral, and bears numerous clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side (29-37 clamps on one side and 30-42 on the other side). The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two spherical buccal suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, an ovoid muscular pharynx ying just behind oral suckers, an oesophagus and a posterior intestine divided in two branches, not confluent posteriorly, extending into the hohaptor. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior postbifurcal genital atrium, armed with numerous very spines, a single looped ovary with its distal end directed anteriorly and 21-24 testes which are posterior to the ovary. The Egg is oval and filamented at each pole. [1]

<i>Microcotyle</i> genus of worms

Microcotyle is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea. Species of Microcotyle are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.

Haptor organ of Monogeneans

The haptor is the attachment organ of the monogeneans, a group of parasitic Platyhelminthes. The haptor is sometimes called opisthaptor to emphasize that it is located in the posterior part of the body, and to differentiate it from the prohaptor, a structure including glands located at the anterior part of the body. According to Yamaguti (1963), the chief adhesive organ of the monogeneans, the haptor, is posterior, more or less discoid, muscular, may be divided into alveoli or loculi, is usually provided with anchors, has nearly always marginal larval hooklets, or is in a reduced form with anchors. The haptor may consist of symmetrical or asymmetrical, sessile or pedunculate, muscular suckers or clamps with or without supporting sclerites; accessory adhesive organs may be present in form of armed plaques, lappets or appendices.

Clamp (zoology) main attachment structure of Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans

Clamps are the main attachment structure of the Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans.
These ectoparasitic worms have a variable number of clamps on their haptor ; each clamp is attached to the host fish, generally to its gill. Clamps include sclerotised elements, called the sclerites, and muscles. The structure of clamps varies according to the groups within the Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans; microcotylids have relatively simple clamps, whereas gastrocotylids have more complex clamps.

Etymology

Microcotyle korathai was named in honour of "Dr. K. J. Koratha, from the University of Southern California". [1]

University of Southern California Private research university in Los Angeles, California, United States

The University of Southern California is a private research university in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California. For the 2018–19 academic year, there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs. USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and medicine. It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles, and generates $8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California.

Hosts and localities

The Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta is the type-host of Microcotyle korathai Rastrelliger kanagurta JNC2855.JPG
The Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta is the type-host of Microcotyle korathai

The type-host of Microcotyle korathai is the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Scombridae). The type-locality is off India. [1]

Scombridae family of fishes

The Scombridae family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily Scombrinae, except the butterfly kingfish, which is the sole member of subfamily Gasterochismatinae.

India Country in South Asia

India, also known as the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country by area and with more than 1.3 billion people, it is the second most populous country as well as the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Gupta, S. P. & Krishna (1980) On some monogenetic trematodes from marine fishes of Puri, Orissa. Indian Journal of Helminthology 31, 81–110. Reference in Bionames
  2. ↑ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2019). FishBase. Scomber microlepidotus Rüppell, 1836. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=304527 on 2019-01-31
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