History | |
---|---|
Dutch Republic | |
Name | Middelburg |
Namesake | Middelburg |
Owner | |
Completed | 1775 |
Out of service | 21 July 1781 |
Fate | Burned, exploded and sank on 21 July 1781 |
General characteristics | |
Type | East Indiaman |
Length | 150 feet |
Capacity | loading capacity: 575 last (1150 tons) [1] |
Middelburg, also written as Middelburgh, was a 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
Middelburg was a merchant ship and went to Batavia, the Dutch East Indies and to Guangzhou, China. In 1781, during her return voyage to the Dutch Republic, she was ambushed by a squadron of Royal Navy warships by the Royal Navy during the Battle of Saldanha Bay. The crew set the ship on fire. After the powder magazine exploded the ship sank.
The wreck was discovered in 1781 and is legally protected.
Middelburg was built in 1775 in Zeeland for the Chamber of Zeeland . She was made of wood, 150 feet long and had a loading capacity of 575 last (1150 tons). [1] [2] The ship had 24 guns.
Middelburg has its name of the city Middelburg on Walcheren in Zeeland where the Chamber of Zeeland was located. [1]
On 28 December 1779, departing from Fort Rammekens , she made her maiden voyage to Batavia, Dutch East Indies under command of Justinus van Gennep. She had an intermediate stop at Cape of Good Hope for two weeks from 12 April to 24 April 1772 and arrived at Batavia on 4 July 1780. She later continued the same year to Guangzhou, China. [1]
On 15 January 1781 Middelburg returned from Guangzhou, China to the Dutch Republic together with the ships Honkoop , Hoog Carspel and Paerl. [1] Middelburg had a cargo value of ƒ 643,543 for the Chamber of Zeeland . [3] They arrived at Cape of Good Hope for an intermediate stop on 31 March 1781 and the fleet continued their voyage on 13 June 1781.
On 21 July 1781, as part of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War during the Battle of Saldanha Bay the fleet was ambushed by a squadron of Royal Navy warships under the command of commodore George Johnstone. [4] The crew of Middelburg followed the instructions of the governor of the Cape Colony to prepare the ships for destruction when English capture threatened. The ship was therefore set on fire. The burning Middelburg was towed away by the British Active . Due to the fire, the powder magazine exploded and the ship sank. The crew abandoned the ship on time. [1] Five other Dutch East India Company ships were captured including Dankbaarheid and Honkoop . [4] [5]
The wreck was discovered in the Saldanha Bay in 1971 after indications of the fisherman Charlie 'Cha Cha' Adonis, who had also noticed the wreck of the Meresteyn. The wreck of the Middelburg was located by the same diver who also located the Meresteyn. The wreck is legally protected. [1] [2]
HMS Sceptre was a 64-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 8 June 1781 at Rotherhithe. The ship was wrecked in a hurricane on 5 November 1799 in Table Bay near the Cape of Good Hope.
Ridderschap van Holland was a large retourschip, the largest class of merchantmen built by the Dutch East India Company to trade with the East Indies. In 1694 the ship sailed for Batavia on her fifth voyage, but was never heard from again. She is now thought to have been shipwrecked off the west coast of Australia.
Saldanha Bay is a natural harbour on the south-western coast of South Africa. The town that developed on the northern shore of the bay, also called Saldanha, was incorporated with five other towns into the Saldanha Bay Local Municipality in 2000. The current population of the municipality is estimated at 72,000.
François Thijssen or Frans Thijsz was a Dutch-French explorer who explored the southern coast of Australia.
The Zeewijk was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company that was shipwrecked at the Houtman Abrolhos, off the coast of Western Australia, on 9 June 1727. The survivors built a second ship, the Sloepie, enabling 82 out of the initial crew of 208 to reach their initial destination of Batavia on 30 April 1728. Since the 19th century many objects were found near the wreck site, which are now in the Western Australian Museum. The shipwreck itself was found in 1968 by divers.
Aagtekerke was a ship of the Dutch East India Company built in 1724. It was lost without trace during its maiden voyage in 1725–26, sailing from Cape of Good Hope in the Dutch Cape Colony to Batavia in the Dutch East Indies.
Ravesteyn, also written as Ravensteyn, Ravenstein or Ravestein, was a 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
The Battle of Saldanha Bay was a naval action that occurred off the Dutch Cape Colony on 21 July 1781 during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. A squadron of Royal Navy warships under the command of commodore George Johnstone captured five Dutch East India Company ships; her own crew destroyed a sixth. Casualties on the Dutch side were minimal if any, and there were no British casualties.
't Vliegent Hart, also sometimes listed as 't Vliegent Hert, was an 18th-century East Indiaman or "mirror return ship" of the Dutch East India Company. 't Vliegend Hart was built in 1729 in Middelburg for the Chamber of Zeeland. Her maiden voyage was in December 1730, departing from Fort Rammekens (Netherlands) to Batavia, commanded by captain Abraham van der Hart.
Essex was launched in 1780 as an East Indiaman. She made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). On her first voyage she was present at an inconclusive battle with the French, and later at a second inconclusive engagement with a French frigate. In 1798 she was sold to be hulked or broken up.
Hinchinbrooke was the Spanish ship San Carlos that Admiral Rodney's squadron captured on 8 January 1780. She was sold as a prize and in 1781 commenced a voyage as an "extra" ship of the British East India Company. During the voyage a French squadron captured her at the Battle of Porto Praya, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her within a day or so. She was lost in the Hooghly River in 1783 on her return voyage to Britain.
Anna Catharina was an 18th-century East Indiaman or "mirror return ship" of the Dutch East India Company.
Jonge Thomas, also written as De Jonge Thomas was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
Wapen van Holland was a 17th-century merchant ship of the Dutch East India Company.
Dankbaarheid, also written as Dankbaarheit or Dankbaarheyt, was a 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
The Oosterland was a large 17th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company. The VOC was established in 1602. The ship was wrecked along with another ship by the ship the Kallendijk on 24 May 1695. The shipwreck was discovered by amateur divers in 1988 on the South African coast a few hundred metres from the entrance to Milnerton Lagoon at the mouth of the Salt River. Excavation of the wreck started in the early 1990s in combination with the University of Cape Town and was led by Bruno Werz.
Honkoop, also written as Honcoop or Hencoop, was a 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company. She was a merchant ship that made multiple voyages from Texel, Dutch Republic to Batavia, the Dutch East Indies. The Royal Navy captured her in 1781 during the Battle of Saldanha Bay. In 1782 during a gale, the ship with up to 313 crew members, was lost; she was believed to have foundered with all hands.
Midloo, also written as Midlo, was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.
Valkenbos, also written as Valkenbosch, was a 18th-century fluyt of the Dutch East India Company.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)