Military budget of India

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Indian Navy carrier battle group in transit led by aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya INS Vikramaditya - 02.jpg
Indian Navy carrier battle group in transit led by aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya

The military budget or defence budget of India is the portion of the overall budget of Union budget of India that is allocated for the funding of the Indian Armed Forces. The military budget finances employee salaries and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities, support of new or ongoing operations, and development and procurement of new technologies, weapons, equipment, and vehicles. [1]

Contents

The Indian Army accounts for more than half of the total defence budget of India, with most of the expenditure going to the maintenance of cantonments, salaries and pensions, rather than critical arms and ammunition. [2]

Overview

India's defence budget includes allocation for the three defence services: the army, navy and air force. It also includes allocation for the ordnance factories, research and development, and capital outlay. Additionally there are civil defence expenditures such as pensions. Unofficial expenditure includes expenses for four of the six Central Armed Police Forces responsible for border security. The space program and atomic energy are funded separately. [3]

India's official and unofficial defence allocation [3]
Official statusCategory or Demand for Grants (DFGs)DCE/DSE
Unofficial Ministry of Defence (Canteen Store Department, MOD Secretariat, Coast Guard, J&K Light Infantry)Defence Civil (DCE)
Pensions and other benefits
Official defence budgetOperating expensesArmy (including the National Cadet Corps (NCC), Director General of Quality Assurance (DGQA), Military Farms and Ex-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme)Defence Services (DSE)
Navy (Joint Staff)
Air Force
Ordnance Factories
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Capital expenseCapital outlay (Capital expenditure of all services including the NCC, Ordnance Factories and DGQA)
Unofficial Border Roads Organisation, Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Sashastra Seema Bal, border management, CAPF construction, border outposts

Expenditures

Share of military services in defence budget in 20202021: [4]

  Air Force (23.0%)
  Army (56.0%)
  Navy (15.0%)
  DRDO (6.0%)
Military expenditure in billion US$ and as % of GDP, 1985-2018 (data via World Bank and SIPRI) India military expenditure.png
Military expenditure in billion US$ and as % of GDP, 1985–2018 (data via World Bank and SIPRI)

20172018

The Minister of Finance allocated 359,000 crore (equivalent to 5.0 trillionorUS$60 billion in 2023) of the 2017 Union budget of India for the development of the armed forces, marking a raise of around 7% from the previous fiscal year. [5] [6]

20182019

In presenting the defence budget of 20182019, the Finance Minister allocated 404,365 crore (equivalent to 5.4 trillionorUS$65 billion in 2023) for the Ministry of Defence (MOD). [7] This translates into an increase of 5.66% over the 20172018 defence budget.

20192020

As 2019 was an election year the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government presented an interim budget in place of a regular budget as per the general practice. In the interim budget an allocation of 431,011 crore (equivalent to 5.4 trillionorUS$64 billion in 2023) was made. [8] On its re-election the NDA government kept the military budget unchanged. However the actual expenditure exceeded the estimated amount and final defence spending for 20192020 stood at 448,820 crore (equivalent to 5.6 trillionorUS$67 billion in 2023), [9] marking an increase of around 10% over the previous budget.

20202021

The allocation for defence during the fiscal year 20202021 stood at 471,378 crore (equivalent to 5.5 trillionorUS$66 billion in 2023). [9] This amounted to an increase of nearly 9%.

20212022

The allocation for defence during the fiscal year 2021–2022 was 478,196 crore (equivalent to 5.4 trillionorUS$64 billion in 2023), an increase of 1% over the previous year. [10]

20222023

The allocation for defence during the fiscal year 20222023 stood at 525,166 crore (equivalent to 5.6 trillionorUS$67 billion in 2023), an increase of nearly 10% over the previous year. [11] making it the fourth highest in the world after the US, China, and Russia. [12] [13]

20232024

The defence expenditure for fiscal year 20232024 stood at 593,538 crore (US$71 billion). [14]

20242025

The defence budget of India was increased to 621,940 crore (US$75 billion) in the 2024-2025 union budget from 593,538 crore (US$71 billion) during last year. This year’s defence budget accounts for 1.89% of the country’s projected gross domestic product (GDP) for 2024-25. [15]

Spending as a percentage of GDP

YearRuling coalitionExpenditure (%)Change
20241.890.08Decrease2.svg
20231.970.24Decrease2.svg
20222.210.45Decrease2.svg
20212.660.22Decrease2.svg
20202.880.36Increase2.svg
20192.520.10Increase2.svg
20182.420.09Decrease2.svg
20172.510.00
20162.510.10Increase2.svg
20152.410.09Decrease2.svg
20142.500.03Increase2.svg
20132.470.07Decrease2.svg
20122.540.11Decrease2.svg
20112.650.06Decrease2.svg
20102.710.18Decrease2.svg
20092.890.34Increase2.svg
20082.550.21Increase2.svg
20072.340.18Decrease2.svg

The above statistics were collected by the World Bank up to 2018. [16]

Capital acquisition

ServiceBE[ clarification needed ] 20132014 (₹ in crore)RE[ clarification needed ] 20132014 (₹ in crore)Under/over spending (₹ in crore)Under/over spending (%)Interim 20142015 (₹ in crore) % growth of interim 20142015 over BE 20132014
Army23,423.2310,871.222,525.8218.9520,920.2056.83Increase2.svg
Navy19,972.7819,234.323,614.4715.3923,020.861.95Decrease2.svg
Air Force37,048.0636,016.541,031.522.7831,817.8914.12Decrease2.svg
Total73,853.8866,682.077,171.819.7175,758.952.55Increase2.svg

The above data was published by the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. [17]

See also

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References

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