Minuscule 2437

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Minuscule 2437
New Testament manuscript
Text Gospels †
Date11th/12th century
Script Greek
Now at Biblioteca Nacional
Size20 by 15 cm
Type Byzantine text-type
Category V

Minuscule 2437 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 220 parchment leaves (20 by 15 cm). Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th or 12th century. [1]

Greek language Language spoken in Greece, Cyprus and Southern Albania

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning more than 3000 years of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.

Manuscript document written by hand

A manuscript was, traditionally, any document that is written by hand — or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten — as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations.

New Testament Second division of the Christian biblical canon

The New Testament is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first being the Old Testament. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture.

Contents

Description

The codex contains almost complete text of the four Gospels with some lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. [1] Quotations from the Old Testament are marked. It contains some pictures.

Gospel description of the life of Jesus, canonical or apocryphal

Gospel originally meant the Christian message itself, but in the 2nd century it came to be used for the books in which the message was set out. The four canonical gospels—Matthew, Mark, Luke and John—were probably written between AD 66 and 110, building on older sources and traditions, and each gospel has its own distinctive understanding of Jesus and his divine role. All four are anonymous, and it is almost certain that none were written by an eyewitness. They are the main source of information on the life of Jesus as searched for in the quest for the historical Jesus. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on them unquestioningly, but critical study attempts to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four, and all, like them, advocating the particular theological views of their authors.

Lacuna (manuscripts) Gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work

A lacuna is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose". Some books intentionally add lacunas to be filled in by the owner, often as a game or to encourage children to create their own stories.

Old Testament First part of Christian Bibles based on the Hebrew Bible

The Old Testament is the first part of Christian Bibles, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible, a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God. The second part of the Christian Bible is the New Testament.

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. [2]

Byzantine text-type The largest of the three major groups of New Testament Greek texts

The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest. The New Testament text of the Orthodox Church, the Patriarchal Text, as well as those utilized in the lectionaries, is based on this text-type. While considerably varying, it also underlies the Textus Receptus Greek text used for most Reformation-era translations of the New Testament into vernacular languages. Modern translations mainly use Eclectic editions that conform more often to the Alexandrian text-type.

Kurt Aland German Theologian

Kurt Aland, was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director from 1959–83. He was one of the principal editors of Nestle-Aland – Novum Testamentum Graece for the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft and The Greek New Testament for the United Bible Societies.

According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster 1519 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20. [3]

The Claremont Profile Method is a method for classifying ancient manuscripts of the Bible. It was elaborated by Ernest Cadman Colwell and his students. Professor Frederik Wisse attempted to establish an accurate and rapid procedure for the classification of the manuscript evidence of any ancient text with large manuscript attestation, and to present an adequate basis for the selection of balanced representatives of the whole tradition. The work of Wisse is limited only to three chapters in Luke: 1, 10, and 20.

It is currently housed at the Biblioteca Nacional (I. 2) at Rio de Janeiro. [1] It is the most ancient manuscript of the New Testament, which is housed in the Latin America. [4]

National Library of Brazil national library

The Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro,the Capital of Brazil from 1822-1960, more specifically at Cinelândia square.

Rio de Janeiro Capital of state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's third-most populous state. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.

See also

Related Research Articles

Minuscule 2812, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 151 parchment leaves. It is dated paleographically to the 10th century.

Minuscule 2053, Oα31, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 138 parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.

Minuscule 208, ε 127 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.

Minuscule 214, ε 1401 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It has marginalia.

Minuscule 363, δ 455 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It was adapted for liturgical use.

Minuscule 364, ε 1011 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. It has marginalia.

Minuscule 394, δ 460 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Dated by a colophon to the year 1330. It was adapted for liturgical use.

Minuscule 402, ε 428, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It has marginalia.

Minuscule 583, ε 124, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labeled by Scrivener as 452.

Minuscule 586, ε 417, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It was labeled by Scrivener as 455.

Minuscule 587, ε 229, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labeled by Scrivener as 456.

Minuscule 589, Θ ε 401, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment and paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It was labelled by Scrivener as 830.

Minuscule 593, ε 319, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It was labelled by Scrivener as 462. It has marginalia.

Minuscule 592, α 567, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper, dated by a Colophon to the year 1289. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labelled by Scrivener as 461. Gregory labelled the manuscript by 592e, 207a, and 263p.

Minuscule 594, ε 1402, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It was labelled by Scrivener as 470.

Minuscule 597, ε 340, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It was labeled by Scrivener as 464.

Minuscule 827, ε309, is a 13th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment.

Minuscule 831, ε117, is an 11th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript is lacunose.

Minuscule 846, Νλ29, is a 14th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript has no complex content.

Minuscule 853, Νλ69, is a 15th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript has no complex content.

References

  1. 1 2 3 K. Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, "Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments", Walter de Gruyter , Berlin, New York 1994, p. 188.
  2. ↑ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 139. ISBN   978-0-8028-4098-1.
  3. ↑ Wisse, Frederik (1982). The profile method for the classification and evaluation of manuscript evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke . Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 86. ISBN   0-8028-1918-4.
  4. ↑ Paulo José Benício, Análise Filológica e Teológica da Abertura do Evangelho Segundo Marcos no Manuscrito 2437

Further reading

Bruce M. Metzger American biblical scholar

Bruce Manning Metzger (1914–2007) was an American biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who served on the board of the American Bible Society and United Bible Societies. He was a scholar of Greek, New Testament, and New Testament textual criticism, and wrote prolifically on these subjects. Metzger was one of the most influential New Testament scholars of the 20th century.


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