Minuscule 93

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Minuscule 93

New Testament manuscript

Name Codex Graevii
Text Acts, Paul, Rev. †
Date 10th-century
Script Greek
Now at Bibliothèque nationale de France
Size 22.8 cm by 17.7 cm
Type Byzantine text-type
Category V
Note marginalia

Minuscule 93 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 51 (Soden), [1] formerly known as Codex Graevii, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th-century. [2] [3]

Greek language language spoken in Greece, Cyprus and Southern Albania

Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It has the longest documented history of any living Indo-European language, spanning more than 3000 years of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.

Manuscript document written by hand

A manuscript was, traditionally, any document that is written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations. A document should be at least 75 years old to be considered a manuscript.

New Testament Second division of the Christian biblical canon

The New Testament is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are incorporated into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.

Contents

Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r. [4] It has full marginalia.

Marginalia handwritten notes and illustrations in margins of book pages

Marginalia are marks made in the margins of a book or other document. They may be scribbles, comments, glosses (annotations), critiques, doodles, or illuminations.

Description

The codex contains the text of the New Testament except of the Gospels, with some lacunae (Romans 16:17-27; 1 Corinthians 1:1-7; Hebrews 13:15-25; Revelation 1:1-5), on 270 parchment leaves (22.8 cm by 17.7 cm). The order of books is a usual for the Greek manuscripts: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles, and Apocalypse. The Hebrews follows Philemon. [4]

Gospel description of the life of Jesus, canonical or apocryphal

Gospel originally meant the Christian message itself, but in the 2nd century it came to be used for the books in which the message was set out. The four canonical gospels — Matthew, Mark, Luke and John — were probably written between AD 66 and 110, building on older sources and traditions, and each gospel has its own distinctive understanding of Jesus and his divine role. All four are anonymous, and it is almost certain that none were written by an eyewitness. They are the main source of information on the life of Jesus as searched for in the quest for the historical Jesus. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on them unquestioningly, but critical study attempts to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four, and all, like them, advocating the particular theological views of their authors.

Lacuna (manuscripts) gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work

A lacuna is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose". Some books intentionally add lacunas to be filled in by the owner, often as a game or to encourage children to create their own stories.

Acts of the Apostles Book of the New Testament

Acts of the Apostles, often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.

The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. [2] Text of Rev 1:1-5 was supplied by a later hand. [3]

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. [4]

It contains prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (table of contents) before each book, liturgical notes at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of στιχοι, and music notes. [4] It has an additional material: Life of prophets and treatise of Pseudo-Dorotheus about 12 apostles and 70 disciples of Jesus (as codices 82, 177, 459, 613, 617, 699). [4]

Stichometry

Stichometry refers to the practice of counting lines in texts: Ancient Greeks and Romans measured the length of their books in lines, just as modern books are measured in pages. This practice was rediscovered by German and French scholars in the 19th century. Stichos is the Greek word for a 'line' of prose or poetry and the suffix '-metry' is derived from the Greek word for measurement.

Dorotheus of Tyre Syrian saint

Saint Dorotheus bishop of Tyre is traditionally credited with an Acts of the Seventy Apostles, who were sent out according to the Gospel of Luke 10:1.

Minuscule 82 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), O1 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. Formerly it was labelled by 10a, 12p, and 2r. It has marginalia.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. [5] In Catholic epistles it has 20-30% non-Byzantine readings. [6]

History

In 1079 the manuscript was bought by Antonius, a monk. It was held in Constantinople and was purchased by Pierre Séguier (1588–1672). [4] It was examined by Bernard de Montfaucon [7] Johann Jakob Wettstein, and Paulin Martin. [8] C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885. [4] Herman C. Hoskier collated the text of the Apocalypse. [9]

Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r. [4] In 1908 Gregory gave the number 93 to it. [1]

It is currently housed in at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Fonds Coislin, Gr. 205), at Paris. [2]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. p. 51.
  2. 1 2 3 K. Aland; M. Welte; B. Köster; K. Junack (1994). Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 52.
  3. 1 2 Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament . 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 285.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. p. 264.
  5. ↑ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 138. ISBN   978-0-8028-4098-1.
  6. ↑ R. Waltz, Minuskel 93, Encyclopedia Textual Criticism
  7. ↑ Bernard de Montfaucon, Bibliotheca Coisliniana olim Segueriana, Paris: Ludovicus Guerin & Carolus Robustel, 1715.
  8. ↑ Jean-Pierre-Paul Martin, Description technique des manuscrits grecs, relatif au Nouveau Testament, conservé dans les bibliothèques des Paris (Paris 1883), p. 109
  9. ↑ Herman C. Hoskier, Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse: Collation of All Existing Available Greek Documents with the Standard Text of Stephen’s Third Edition Together with the Testimony of Versions, Commentaries and Fathers. 1 vol. (London: Bernard Quaritch, Ltd., 1929), p. 37. (for r)

Further reading

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