Mona Lesley Siegel is an American scholar, author, and historian whose primary focus is on international feminism, peace, and democracy in Europe and around the world. She is a professor at California State University Sacramento. [1] Siegel has written for and been interviewed by numerous news media on issues ranging from paid family leave to International Women's Day to the history of global feminism. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Mona Lesley Siegel received her Ph.D. in history from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, in 1996. [7]
In 2004, Cambridge University Press published Siegel's book The Moral Disarmament of France: Education, Pacifism, and Patriotism, 1914-1940, which examines the role of French schoolteachers in fostering French patriotism in the interwar years. [8] [9] The book was awarded the 2006 History of Education Society Outstanding Book Award. [10]
In 2019, Siegel co-wrote, along with Dorothy Sue Cobble, an article for The Washington Post discussing the state of the contemporary debate on paid parental leave and discussing the history of paid parental leave policies. [11] Siegel's articles have also appeared in The New York Times , [2] the Los Angeles Times , [3] and elsewhere. [4]
In January 2020, Siegel published a second book with Columbia University Press entitled Peace On Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War, which examines women's global activism for democracy and peace after World War I. [1]
From 1993 to 1994, Siegel was a Peace Scholar through the United States Institute of Peace, receiving funding for her dissertation, "Lasting Lessons: War, Peace and Patriotism in French Primary Schools, 1914-1939." [12]
Siegel was awarded the Peace History Society's 2011-2012 DeBenedetti Prize in Peace History for her article “Western Feminism and Anti-Imperialism: The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom's Anti-Opium Campaign." [13] The Peace History Society also awarded her the Elise M. Boulding Prize in Peace History for Peace On Our Terms: The Global Battle for Women's Rights after the First World War (2020). [14]
In 2016 and 2018, Siegel received grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities for "archival research leading toward completion of a book on feminist activism and peace negotiations at the end of World War I." [15]
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism or violence. The word pacifism was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ahimsa, which is a core philosophy in Indian Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound.
Peace News (PN) is a pacifist magazine first published on 6 June 1936 to serve the peace movement in the United Kingdom. From later in 1936 to April 1961 it was the official paper of the Peace Pledge Union (PPU), and from 1990 to 2004 was co-published with War Resisters' International.
Kenneth Ewart Boulding was an English-born American economist, educator, peace activist, and interdisciplinary philosopher. He published over 36 books and over 112 articles. Boulding was the author of two citation classics: The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society (1956) and Conflict and Defense: A General Theory (1962). He was co-founder of general systems theory and founder of numerous ongoing intellectual projects in economics and social science. He was married to sociologist Elise M. Boulding.
Elise M. Boulding was a Norwegian-born American Quaker sociologist, and author credited as a major contributor to creating the academic discipline of Peace and Conflict Studies. Her holistic, multidimensional approach to peace research sets her apart as an important scholar and activist in multiple fields. Her written works span several decades and range from discussion of family as a foundation for peace, to Quaker spirituality to reinventing the international "global culture". Particularly of note is her emphasis on women and family in the peace process. Boulding was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1996.
A peace movement is a social movement which seeks to achieve ideals, such as the ending of a particular war or minimizing inter-human violence in a particular place or situation. They are often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Some of the methods used to achieve these goals include advocacy of pacifism, nonviolent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts, peace camps, ethical consumerism, supporting anti-war political candidates, supporting legislation to remove profits from government contracts to the military–industrial complex, banning guns, creating tools for open government and transparency, direct democracy, supporting whistleblowers who expose war crimes or conspiracies to create wars, demonstrations, and political lobbying. The political cooperative is an example of an organization which seeks to merge all peace-movement and green organizations; they may have diverse goals, but have the common ideal of peace and humane sustainability. A concern of some peace activists is the challenge of attaining peace when those against peace often use violence as their means of communication and empowerment.
Tcheng Yu-hsiu, also Soumay Tcheng and Madame Wei Tao-ming, was the first female lawyer and judge in Chinese history.
The feminist movement in Norway has made significant progress in reforming laws and social customs in the nation, advancing the rights of the women of Norway.
Marguerite de Witt-Schlumberger was a French campaigner for pronatalism, alcoholic abstinence, and feminism. She was the president of the French Union for Women's Suffrage movement. She married into the Schlumberger family and became a powerfully influential matriarch and the mother of several sons who achieved notability in their own right. An activist in international women's rights circles, Witt-Schlumberger was a leading suffragist at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. For her active involvement and service to the government, she was awarded the Croix of the French Legion of Honour in 1920.
Marthe Bigot (1878–1962) was a French primary schoolteacher, feminist, pacifist and communist.
Lucie Colliard, born Lucie Claudine Parmelan was a French teacher, pacifist, trade unionist and communist from Haute-Savoie. She helped found the French teacher's union. She was dismissed from her position as a teacher during World War I (1914–18) for her pacifist activities. She was active in the far left of the communist movement in France in the 1920s and 1930s.
Jeanne Mélin was a French pacifist, feminist, writer and politician who wrote under the pseudonym Thalès Jehanne. She fought for peace between France and Germany, and for the right of women to vote. She was a candidate for election as President of France in 1947.
Priscilla Hannah Peckover was an English Quaker, pacifist and linguist from a prosperous banking family. After helping to raise the three daughters of her widowed brother, in her forties she became involved in the pacifist movement. She founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association, which grew to have 6,000 members. She was active at a national level with the Peace Society and worked with pacifist groups in several other countries. She funded and edited the journal Peace and Goodwill: a Sequel to the Olive Leaf for almost fifty years, and funded publication of an Esperanto version of the Bible. She was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize on four occasions.
Edith Mary Pye was an English midwife and International Relief Organizer. She worked in maternity hospitals for women refugees and was the president of the British Midwives Institute. Along with being a member of Friends Germany Emergency Committee, Red Cross, and the International Commission for the Assistance of Child Refugees. In 1907, she became Superintendent of District Nurses in London, following her lengthy career in international relief efforts and as a midwife. She died at her home in Somerset in 1965.
Ida Alexander Gibbs Hunt was an advocate of racial and gender equality and co-founded one of the first YWCAs in Washington, D.C. for African-Americans in 1905. She was the daughter of Judge Mifflin Wistar Gibbs, the wife of William Henry Hunt, and a longtime friend of W. E. B. Du Bois. Along with Du Bois, she was a leader of the early Pan-African movement.
The Inter-Allied Women's Conference opened in Paris on 10 February 1919. It was convened parallel to the Paris Peace Conference to introduce women's issues to the peace process after the First World War. Leaders in the international women's suffrage movement had been denied the opportunity to participate in the official proceedings several times before being allowed to make a presentation before the Commission on International Labour Legislation. On 10 April, women were finally allowed to present a resolution to the League of Nations Commission. It covered the trafficking and sale of women and children, their political and suffrage status, and the transformation of education to include the human rights of all persons in each nation.
Virginie Griess-Traut (1814–98) was a French feminist, pacifist, and peace activist.
Lilli Jannasch was a German feminist, pacifist, journalist, graphologist, and co-founder of the pacifist organisation Bund Neues Vaterland.
Feminist peace research uses a feminist framework to expand on conventional peace research practices, examining the roles of gender and other power structures to conceptualize and actively build peace with justice. Feminist peace research understands peace and violence to be interwoven and ongoing processes that occur at many scales, and points to how these scales are interconnected. While gender is the dominant lens through which processes of peace and violence are analyzed, this research seeks to address the ways in which other intersecting systems of power, such as race, class, sexuality, and disability, among many others, further complicate these dynamics.