Myosotis hikuwai

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Myosotis hikuwai
Myosotis hikuwai 237308002.jpg
Close up of Myosotis hikuwai
Status NZTCS NC.svg
Nationally Critical (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Myosotis
Species:
M. hikuwai
Binomial name
Myosotis hikuwai
Meudt, Prebble & G.M.Rogers [2]

Myosotis hikuwai is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Geoff Rogers described M. hikuwai in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are spring annuals with bracteate and erect inflorescences, and small, white corollas with inserted stamens. The species is considered Threatened and known only from one population near Wānaka.

Contents

Taxonomy and etymology

Myosotis hikuwai is in the plant family Boraginaceae. [2] Specimens of this species were first photographed and collected in 2013 by Geoff Rogers. [2] [3] The species was described by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Geoff Rogers in 2022. [2] The holotype was collected by Geoff Rogers in Wānaka, Otago near the Clutha River / Mata-Au, and is lodged at the herbarium of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT SP108906). [4] [2] [3]

Myosotis hikuwai holotype SP108906 Myosotis hikuwai Meudt et al WELT 1865029 683840.jpg
Myosotis hikuwai holotype

The specific epithet, hikuwai, is a te reo Māori word which means 'source of a stream'. [5] It refers to the Hikuwai Conservation Area, which in turn likely refers to the source of the Clutha River / Mata-Au, the location of the only known population of M. hikuwai. [2]

Morphological comparison of herbarium specimens showed that Myosotis hikuwai is most similar to the bracteate-prostrate species Myosotis brevis , M. antarctica, M. glauca and M. umbrosa . [2] Myosotis hikuwai can be distinguished from these species by the combination of the following characters: erect habit (which is unusual for plants with bracteate inflorescences), many cauline leaves subtending the flowers, small corollas (corolla diameter <1.5 mm as measured on dried herbarium specimens), small nutlets (<1.2 mm long and <0.8 mm wide), patent hairs on the rosette leaves, straight hairs on many cauline- and rosette-leaf surfaces, calyces that are 1.9–3.0 mm long at flowering and 3.4–4.7 mm long at fruiting with sparsely distributed hairs. [2]

Myosotis hikuwai whole plant and habit Myosotis hikuwai 237307501.jpg
Myosotis hikuwai whole plant and habit

Phylogeny

Myosotis hikuwai was not included in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). [6] [7] Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. [6] [7]

Description

Myosotis hikuwai plants are single rosettes that are sometimes stoloniferous. The rosette leaves have petioles 4–5 mm long. The rosette leaf blades are 3–7 mm long by 2–3 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.3–2.7: 1), oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, obovate or broadly obovate, widest above the middle, with an obtuse apex. Both surfaces and the edges of the leaf are sparsely covered in patent, mostly straight or some flexuous, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are oriented parallel or slightly oblique to the mid vein. The undersurface of the leaf is sometimes less hairy or glabrous. Each rosette has 1–5 ascending to erect, once- or twice-branched bracteate inflorescences that are up to 40 mm long and are not bifurcating in a forked 'V' shape near the tips. The cauline leaves are up to 22 per inflorescence and are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller and decrease in size and become sessile toward the tip. Each inflorescence has up to 20 flowers, each borne on a pedicel up to 1.4 mm long at fruiting, and each with a bract. The calyx is 2–3 mm long at flowering and 3–5 mm long at fruiting, lobed to one-third to one-half its length, and densely covered in antrorse hairs that are patent and flexuous. The corolla is white, up to 2 mm in diameter (dried) and up to 3.6 mm in diameter (fresh), with a cylindrical tube, petals that are obovate or very broadly ovate, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The stamens are about 2–3 mm long (measured from the base of the calyx to the anther tips). The anthers are fully included and wholly below the scales. The four smooth, shiny, medium to dark brown nutlets are 1.0–1.2 mm long by about 0.7 mm wide and ovoid in shape. [2]

The chromosome number of M. hikuwai is unknown.

M. hikuwai [as 'Myosotis sp. (unknown)', voucher WELT SP103892] has M. australis type pollen. [8]

It is a spring annual plant, flowering September–November and fruiting November. [2]

Distribution and habitat

Myosotis hikuwai is a forget-me-not endemic to Otago, South Island, New Zealand, and is only known from a handful of specimens from one large population in the Hikuwai Conservation Area near Wānaka at about 300 m ASL. [2] It is found on gravel alluvial outwash terraces near the river Clutha / Mata-Au, in open kānuka shrubland and is sympatric with Myosotis brevis and Myosotis glauca. [2]

Conservation status

Myosotis hikuwai was listed [as 'Myosotis aff. glauca (a) (WELT SP104520; “Mata-Au”)'] in the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the New Zealand Threatened Classification system for plants as Threatened, Nationally Critical, A(1), with the qualifiers ‘Data Poor’ (DP) and ‘One Location’ (OL). [1] [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Myosotis pansa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> pansa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pansasubsp. pansa, also known as the Waitakere forget-me-not, is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was transferred to a subspecies of M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

<i>Myosotis antarctica</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis antarctica is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to mainland New Zealand, Campbell Island and southern Chile. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in his 19th century work Flora Antarctica. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white or blue corollas. It is one of two native species of Myosotis in the New Zealand subantarctic islands, the other being M. capitata, which also has blue corollas.

<i>Myosotis chaffeyorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis chaffeyorum is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Carlos Lehnebach described the species in 2012. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a creeping habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis bryonoma</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis bryonoma is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a creeping habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis retrorsa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis retrorsa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

Myosotis umbrosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Michael Thorsen described the species. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis albiflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis albiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to southern Chile and Argentina. This species was described by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander in Joseph Dalton Hooker's 19th century work Flora Antarctica. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and have white corollas. It is one of two native species of Myosotis in southern South America, the other being M. antarctica.

<i>Myosotis cheesemanii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis cheesemanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1886. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis matthewsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis matthewsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the species in 1961. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis pulvinaris</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pulvinaris is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis tenericaulis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis tenericaulis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Donald Petrie described the species in 1918. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with creeping, sprawling bracteate inflorescences and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis uniflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis uniflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate, compact, cushion or mat habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and cream to yellow corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis lyallii is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Dalton Hooker described the species in 1853. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate or partially-bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas.

<i>Myosotis lyallii <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> elderi</i>

Myosotis lyalliisubsp. elderi is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. Lucy Moore described Myosotis elderi in 1961, and Heidi Meudt and Jessie Prebble treated it as a subspecies of M. lyallii in 2018. Plants of this subspecies of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, and white corollas with partially exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis glauca</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis glauca is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. George Simpson and J.S. Thomson described M. pygmaea var. glauca in 1942, and Peter de Lange and John Barkla recognized it at species rank in 2010. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, white corollas, and often glaucous grey leaves.

<i>Myosotis brevis</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis brevis is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to New Zealand. George Simpson and J.S. Thomson described M. pygmaea var. minutiflora in 1942, and Peter de Lange and John Barkla recognized it at species rank in 2010, as M. brevis. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are small and annual, with a prostrate habit, bracteate inflorescences, tiny white corollas, and brown or green leaves.

<i>Myosotis venticola</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis venticola is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt and Jessica Prebble described M. venticola in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial with bracteate and prostrate inflorescences, and small, white corollas with partly exserted stamens.

Myosotis ultramafica is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble and Brian Rance described M. ultramafica in 2022. Plants of this forget-me-not are perennial with bracteate and prostrate to ascending inflorescences, and small, white corollas with partly exserted stamens. This species is Naturally Uncommon and only found on ultramafic substrates.

<i>Myosotis pansa</i> Species of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was raised to species level as M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with ebracteate inflorescences and white corollas and exserted anthers.

<i>Myosotis pansa <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> praeceps</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Myosotis pansa subsp. praeceps is a subspecies of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. Lucy Moore described the variety M. petiolata var. pansa in 1961, and it was transferred to a subspecies of M. pansa by Heidi Meudt, Jessica Prebble, Rebecca Stanley and Michael Thorsen in 2013. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial rosettes with partially bracteate inflorescences and white corollas with exserted stamens.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 1–86. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M. (2022). "Morphological analyses support recognition of three new threatened species of bracteate–prostrate Myosotis (Boraginaceae) endemic to the South Island of Aotearoa New Zealand". Australian Systematic Botany . 35 (5): 364–394. doi:10.1071/SB22012. ISSN   1030-1887. Wikidata   Q114426617.
  3. 1 2 "Three new endemic species of forget-me-nots in Aotearoa New Zealand". Te Papa’s Blog. 2 July 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Holotype of Myosotis hikuwai". collections.tepapa.govt.nz. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  5. ↑ Herbert Williams (1957), A Dictionary of the Maori Language (in English and Māori) (6th ed.), Wellington: Government Printing Office, Wikidata   Q114673551
  6. 1 2 Winkworth, Richard C; Grau, Jürke; Robertson, Alastair W; Lockhart, Peter J (1 August 2002). "The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 24 (2): 180–193. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   12144755.
  7. 1 2 Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (2015). "Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301 (5): 1455–1471. doi:10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x. ISSN   2199-6881. S2CID   254048318.
  8. ↑ HM Meudt (27 September 2016). "Pollen morphology and its taxonomic utility in the Southern Hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 54 (4): 475–497. doi:10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343. ISSN   0028-825X. Wikidata   Q113676623.
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