NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA7 gene. [5] The NDUFA7 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. [6]
The NDUFA7 gene is located on the p arm of chromosome 19 in position 13.2 and spans 12,618 base pairs. [5] The gene produces a 12.5 kDa protein composed of 113 amino acids. [7] [8] NDUFA7 is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L-shaped with a long, hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophilic domain for the peripheral arm that includes all the known redox centers and the NADH binding site. [6] It has been noted that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain has the potential to be folded into an alpha helix spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane with a C-terminal hydrophilic domain interacting with globular subunits of Complex I. The highly conserved two-domain structure suggests that this feature is critical for the protein function and that the hydrophobic domain acts as an anchor for the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. NDUFA7 is one of about 31 hydrophobic subunits that form the transmembrane region of Complex I. The predicted secondary structure is primarily alpha helix, but the carboxy-terminal half of the protein has high potential to adopt a coiled-coil form. The amino-terminal part contains a putative beta sheet rich in hydrophobic amino acids that may serve as mitochondrial import signal. Related pseudogenes have also been identified on four other chromosomes. [5] [9] [10] [11]
The human NDUFA7 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone. [5] Initially, NADH binds to Complex I and transfers two electrons to the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic arm to form FMNH2. The electrons are transferred through a series of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in the prosthetic arm and finally to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), which is reduced to ubiquinol (CoQH2). The flow of electrons changes the redox state of the protein, resulting in a conformational change and pK shift of the ionizable side chain, which pumps four hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix. [6]
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA13 gene. The NDUFA13 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA1 gene. The NDUFA1 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in the NDUFA1 gene are associated with mitochondrial Complex I deficiency.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA5 gene. The NDUFA5 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA6 gene. The NDUFA6 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA2 gene. The NDUFA2 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in the NDUFA2 gene are associated with Leigh's syndrome.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA9 gene. The NDUFA9 protein is a subunit of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), also known as Complex I, frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome. In the case of NDUFA9, a mutation to the MT-ND3 gene might interrupt their interaction and formation of subcomplexes, compromising Complex I function and leading to disease.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA8 gene. The NDUFA8 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA12 gene. The NDUFA12 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), also known as Complex I, frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome that result from mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA10 gene. The NDUFA10 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), also known as Complex I, frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome. Furthermore, reduced NDUFA10 expression levels due to FOXM1-directed hypermethylation are associated with human squamous cell carcinoma and may be related to other forms of cancer.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB1 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 1, 7kDa is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB2 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7, also known as complex I-B18, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB7 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB10 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 3, 12kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB3 gene. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 3, 12kDa is an accessory subunit of the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also known as Complex I and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in this gene contribute to mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA3 gene. The NDUFA3 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NDUFA4, mitochondrial complex associated is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA4 gene. The NDUFA3 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Mutations in the NDUFA4 gene are associated with Leigh's syndrome.
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA11 gene. The NDUFA11 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain Mutations in subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), also known as Complex I, frequently lead to complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Leigh's syndrome. Mutations in this gene are associated with severe mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA4L2 gene. The NDUFA4L2 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 4, 15kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB4 gene. The NDUFB4 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 5, 16kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB5 gene. The NDUFB5 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
