NGC 3509

Last updated
NGC 3509
NGC3509 - SDSS DR14.jpg
SDSS image of NGC 3509
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Leo
Right ascension 11h 04m 23.554s
Declination +04d 49m 43.03s
Redshift 0.025594
Heliocentric radial velocity 7,673 km/s
Distance 340 Mly (104.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude  (V)13.53
Characteristics
Type SA(s)bc pec, SBbc
Size215,000 ly
Notable features interacting galaxy with a tidal tail feature
Other designations
PGC 33446, UGC 6134, VV 075, CGCG 038-109, MCG +01-28-033, ARP 335, IRAS 11018+0505, KPG 265, 2MASX J11042356+0449428, SDSS J110423.55+044943.0, LDCE 0775 NED02, NVSS J110423+044941, AKARI J1104240+044950, LEDA 33446

NGC 3509 known as Arp 335, is a barred spiral galaxy [1] located in the constellation Leo. [2] [3] It is located 340 million light-years from the Solar System. [4] [5] NGC 3509 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 30, 1786. [6]

Contents

Characteristics

NGC 3509 by DECam NGC 3509 legacy dr10.jpg
NGC 3509 by DECam

NGC 3509 is a large galaxy. With a diameter of 215,000 light-years, it is much bigger than the Milky Way, which only has a diameter of at least 100,000 light-years. [4] Its luminosity class is II-III and it has a broad HII region. [4]

Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3509 NGC 3509 hst 08669 26 R814GB555.png
Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3509

Additionally, NGC 3509 is a peculiar galaxy showing an interesting detail. [7] It has a sweeping tidal tail feature, which seems to offer hints of evolution [8] and makes the galaxy resemble a tadpole. [9] According to a sketch drew by Toomre, a large tail of NGC 3509 is seen curved towards northwest while the shorter one extends southwest. Later investigations proved him wrong as it is actually a bright ridge of the galaxy's disk structure. [10]

NGC 3509 has a single undisturbed nucleus which is surrounded by dust lanes. [8] This means it has not undergone a major disk-to-disk merger and instead had a minor merger with a smaller satellite galaxy. [8] As the galaxy interaction between NGC 3509 and the galaxy occurs, certain starbursts are triggered [11] in regions along its spiral arms which causes it to actively create new stars. [12] It is also evident, NGC 3509 contain signs of neutral hydrogen. [13]

Another study proves that a galactic halo is growing in NGC 3509 through accretion of smaller galaxies, in which they leave a spur behind as they are tidally disrupted by their host galaxy. [14]

NGC 3509 is designated as Arp 335 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies by Halton Arp, [15] in which it is placed into the Miscellaneous category, M82 being the well-known galaxy in this classification. [16]

Supernova

One supernova has been discovered in NGC 3509: SN 2010bi.

SN 2010bi

SN 2010bi [17] was discovered on March 24, 2010, by G. Piginata and M. Cifuentes along with other astronomers from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on the behalf of the CHASE project (CHilean Automatic Supernova sEarch). [18] SN 2010bi was found via an unfiltered image taken using the 0.41-m 'PROMPT 5' telescope located at Cerro Tololo. [18] It was located 28".4 east and 34".6 north of the nucleus. [19] The supernova was Type IIP [17] in which its progenitor might be a 8-16 solar mass red supergiant. [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5195</span> Dwarf galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 5195 is a dwarf galaxy that is interacting with the Whirlpool Galaxy. Both galaxies are located approximately 25 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. Together, the two galaxies are one of the most famous interacting galaxy pairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6946</span> Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus

NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar to the distance of M101 in the constellation Ursa Major. Both were once considered to be part of the Local Group, but are now known to be among the dozen bright spiral galaxies near the Milky Way but beyond the confines of the Local Group. NGC 6946 lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4088</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major

NGC 4088 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy forms a physical pair with NGC 4085, which is located 11′ away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4216</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4216 is a metal-rich intermediate spiral galaxy located not far from the center of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, roughly 55 million light-years away. It is seen nearly edge-on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 772</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 772 is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 106 million light-years away in the constellation Aries. It was discovered on 29 November 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2207 and IC 2163</span> Pair of colliding spiral galaxies in the constellation Canis Major

NGC 2207 and IC 2163 are a pair of colliding spiral galaxies about 80 million light-years away in the constellation Canis Major. Both galaxies were discovered by John Herschel in 1835.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2535</span> Unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cancer

NGC 2535 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cancer. It was discovered on 22 January 1877 by French astronomer Édouard Stephan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3432</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor

NGC 3432 is an edge-on spiral galaxy that can be found in the northern constellation of Leo Minor. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on March 19, 1787. This galaxy is located at a distance of 40 million light-years (12.3 Mpc) from the Milky Way. It is interacting with UGC 5983, a nearby dwarf galaxy, and features tidal filaments and intense star formation. Because of these features, it was listed in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3621</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3621 is a field spiral galaxy about 22 Mly (6.7 Mpc) away in the equatorial constellation of Hydra. It is comparatively bright and can be well seen in moderate-sized telescopes. The galaxy is around 93,000 ly (29,000 pc) across and is inclined at an angle of 66° from being viewed face on. It shines with a luminosity equal to 13 billion times that of the Sun. The morphological classification is SA(s)d, which indicates this is an ordinary spiral with loosely wound arms. There is no evidence for a bulge. Although it appears to be isolated, NGC 3621 belongs to the Leo spur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 474</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pisces

NGC 474 is an elliptical galaxy about 100 million light years distant in the constellation Pisces. This large galaxy is known to possess tidal shells and tidal tails, although their origins remain unclear. One possible explanation is that NGC 474 interacted with a galaxy several billion years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UGC 2885</span> Large barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Perseus

UGC 2885 is a large barred spiral galaxy of type SA(rs)c in the constellation Perseus. It is 232 million light-years (71 Mpc) from Earth and measures 463,000 ly (142,000 pc) across, making it one of the largest known spiral galaxies. It is also a possible member of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4490</span> Interacting galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4490, also known as the Cocoon Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. William Herschel discovered it in 1788. It is known to be of the closest interacting/merging galactic system. The galaxy lies at a distance of 25 million light years from Earth making it located in the local universe. It interacts with its smaller companion NGC 4485 and as a result is a starburst galaxy. NGC 4490 and NGC 4485 are collectively known in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 269. The two galaxies has already made their closest approach and are rushing away from each other. It's been discovered that NGC 4490 has a double nucleus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4457</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4457 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy, a class of active galaxy defined by their spectral line emissions. NGC 4457 Is inclined by about 33°. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 23, 1784. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog as VCC 1145, NGC 4457 is a member of the Virgo II Groups which form an extension of the Virgo cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4647</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4647 is an intermediate spiral galaxy estimated to be around 63 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4647 is listed along with Messier 60 as being part of a pair of galaxies called Arp 116; their designation in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. The galaxy is located on the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7469</span> Galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7469 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 7469 is located about 200 million light-years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 7469 is approximately 90,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 12, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3367</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3367 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Leo. It is located at a distance of about 120 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3367 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on March 19, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5965</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5965 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 150 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5965 is about 260,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 5, 1788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 759</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 759 is an elliptical galaxy located 230 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. NGC 759 was discovered by astronomer by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 17, 1865. It is a member of Abell 262.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4302</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4302 is an edge-on spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 8, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

References

  1. ↑ "HyperLeda -object description". atlas.obs-hp.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  2. ↑ Ford, Dominic. "NGC3509 (Galaxy)". In-The-Sky.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  3. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3509". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  4. 1 2 3 "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  5. ↑ "NGC 3509 Galaxy Facts (UGC 6134) & Distance". Universe Guide. 2022-04-06. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  7. ↑ "Peculiar Galaxies for an 18" telescope". asimha.net. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  8. 1 2 3 Lazaro, Enrico de (2022-05-26). "Hubble Space Telescope Observes NGC 3509 | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  9. ↑ "Object of the Week March 2, 2014 – NGC3509 (Arp 335)". www.deepskyforum.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  10. ↑ Laine, Seppo; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Rossa, Jrn; Hibbard, John E.; Mihos, J. Christopher; Bker, Torsten; Zabludoff, Ann I. (December 2003). "AHubble Space TelescopeWFPC2 Investigation of the Nuclear Morphology in the Toomre Sequence of Merging Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (6): 2717–2739. arXiv: astro-ph/0309377 . Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2717L. doi:10.1086/379676. ISSN   0004-6256.
  11. ↑ Liu, Charles T.; Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr. (1995). "1995ApJ...450..547L Page 547". The Astrophysical Journal. 450: 547. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..547L. doi:10.1086/176165 . Retrieved 2024-05-05.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ "Hubble Views an Interacting Spiral - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  13. ↑ Heckman, T.M.; Balick, B.; Van Breugel, W.J.M.; Miley, G.K. (1983). "Observations of Neutral Hydrogen in Radio-loud and Interacting Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 88: 583. Bibcode:1983AJ.....88..583H. doi:10.1086/113347 . Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  14. ↑ Miskolczi, A.; Bomans, D. J.; Dettmar, R.-J. (2011-12-01). "Tidal streams around galaxies in the SDSS DR7 archive - I. First results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 536: A66. arXiv: 1102.2905 . Bibcode:2011A&A...536A..66M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116716. ISSN   0004-6361.
  15. ↑ "ARP Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  16. ↑ "Mantrap Skies Astronomical Image Catalog: ARP335". images.mantrapskies.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  17. 1 2 "SN 2010bi | Transient Name Server". www.wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  18. 1 2 Pignata, G.; Cifuentes, M.; Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Cartier, R.; Forster, F.; Marchi, S.; Rojas, A.; Conuel, B.; Reichart, D. (2010-03-01). "Supernova 2010bi in NGC 3509". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2229: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2229....1P.
  19. ↑ dbishopx@gmail.com. "Bright Supernovae - 2010". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  20. ↑ Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (2017), Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (eds.), "Type IIP Supernovae", Supernova Explosions, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 245–265, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55054-0_12, ISBN   978-3-662-55054-0 , retrieved 2024-05-05
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.