NGC 3509

Last updated
NGC 3509
NGC3509 - SDSS DR14.jpg
SDSS image of NGC 3509
Observation data
Constellation Leo
Right ascension 11h 04m 23.554s
Declination +04d 49m 43.03s
Redshift 0.025594
Heliocentric radial velocity 7,673 km/s
Distance 340 Mly (104.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude  (V)13.53
Characteristics
Type SA(s)bc pec, SBbc
Size215,000 ly
Notable features interacting galaxy with a tidal tail feature
Other designations
PGC 33446, UGC 6134, VV 075, CGCG 038-109, MCG +01-28-033, ARP 335, IRAS 11018+0505, KPG 265, 2MASX J11042356+0449428, SDSS J110423.55+044943.0, LDCE 0775 NED02, NVSS J110423+044941, AKARI J1104240+044950, LEDA 33446

NGC 3509 known as Arp 335, is a barred spiral galaxy [1] located in the constellation Leo. [2] [3] It is located 340 million light-years from the Solar System. [4] [5] NGC 3509 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on December 30, 1786. [6]

Contents

Characteristics

NGC 3509 by DECam NGC 3509 legacy dr10.jpg
NGC 3509 by DECam

NGC 3509 is a large galaxy. With a diameter of 215,000 light-years, it is much bigger than the Milky Way, which only has a diameter of at least 100,000 light-years. [4] Its luminosity class is II-III and it has a broad HII region. [4]

Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3509 NGC 3509 hst 08669 26 R814GB555.png
Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 3509

Additionally, NGC 3509 is a peculiar galaxy showing an interesting detail. [7] It has a sweeping tidal tail feature, which seems to offer hints of evolution [8] and makes the galaxy resemble a tadpole. [9] A further study proves that this is not the case since NGC 3509 has a single undisturbed nucleus which is surrounded by dust lanes. [8] This means it has not undergone a major disk-to-disk merger and instead had a minor merger with a smaller satellite galaxy. [8] As the galaxy interaction between NGC 3509 and the galaxy occurs, certain starbursts are triggered [10] in regions along its spiral arms which causes it to actively create new stars. [11]

Another study proves that a galactic halo is growing in NGC 3509 through accretion of smaller galaxies, in which they leave a spur behind as they are tidally disrupted by their host galaxy. [12]

NGC 3509 is designated as Arp 335 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies by Halton Arp, [13] in which it is placed into the Miscellaneous category, M82 being the well-known galaxy in this classification. [14]

Supernova

One supernova has been discovered in NGC 3509: SN 2010bi.

SN 2010bi

SN 2010bi [15] was discovered on March 24, 2010, by G. Piginata and M. Cifuentes along with other astronomers from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on the behalf of the CHASE project (CHilean Automatic Supernova sEarch). [16] SN 2010bi was found via an unfiltered image taken using the 0.41-m 'PROMPT 5' telescope located at Cerro Tololo. [16] It was located 28".4 east and 34".6 north of the nucleus. [17] The supernova was Type IIP [15] in which its progenitor might be a 8-16 solar mass red supergiant. [18]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6946</span> Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus

NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar to the distance of M101 in the constellation Ursa Major. Both were once considered to be part of the Local Group, but are now known to be among the dozen bright spiral galaxies near the Milky Way but beyond the confines of the Local Group. NGC 6946 lies within the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1097</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1097 is a barred spiral galaxy about 45 million light years away in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered by William Herschel on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4088</span> Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major

NGC 4088 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy forms a physical pair with NGC 4085, which is located 11′ away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 772</span> Galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 772 is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 130 million light-years away in the constellation Aries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2207 and IC 2163</span> Pair of colliding spiral galaxies in the constellation Canis Major

NGC 2207 and IC 2163 are a pair of colliding spiral galaxies about 80 million light-years away in the constellation Canis Major. Both galaxies were discovered by John Herschel in 1835.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1309</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1309 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 120 million light-years away, appearing in the constellation Eridanus. It is about 75,000 light-years across, and is about 3/4s the width of the Milky Way. Its shape is classified as SA(s)bc, meaning that it has moderately wound spiral arms and no ring. Bright blue areas of star formation can be seen in the spiral arms, while the yellowish central nucleus contains older-population stars. NGC 1309 is one of over 200 members of the Eridanus Group of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arp 240</span> Pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Virgo

Arp 240 is a pair of interacting spiral galaxies located in the constellation Virgo. The two galaxies are listed together as Arp 240 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. The galaxy on the right is known as NGC 5257, while the galaxy on the left is known as NGC 5258. Both galaxies are distorted by the gravitational interaction, and both are connected by a tidal bridge, as can be seen in images of these galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4559</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenicies

NGC 4559 is an intermediate spiral galaxy with a weak inner ring structure in the constellation Coma Berenices. Distance estimates for NGC 4559 range from about 28 million light-years to 31 million light-years, averaging about 29 million light-years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2535</span> Unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cancer

NGC 2535 is an unbarred spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the nucleus in the constellation Cancer that is interacting with NGC 2536. The interaction has warped the disk and spiral arms of NGC 2535, producing an elongated structure, visible at ultraviolet wavelengths, that contain many bright, recently formed blue star clusters in addition to enhanced star forming regions around the galaxy center. The two galaxies are listed together in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as an example of a spiral galaxy with a high surface brightness companion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2608</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cancer

NGC 2608 is a barred spiral galaxy located 93 million light-years away in the constellation Cancer. It is 62,000 light-years across, and about 60% of the width of the Milky Way. It is considered a grand design spiral galaxy and is classified as SB(s)b, meaning that the galaxy's arms wind moderately around the prominent central bar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arp 271</span> Interacting galaxies in the constellation Virgo

Arp 271 is a pair of similarly sized interacting spiral galaxies, NGC 5426 and NGC 5427, in the constellation of Virgo. It is not certain whether the galaxies are going to eventually collide or not. They will continue interacting for tens of millions of years, creating new stars as a result of the mutual gravitational attraction between the galaxies, a pull seen in the bridge of stars already connecting the two. Located about 130 million light-years away, the Arp 271 pair is about 130,000 light-years across. It was originally discovered in 1785 by William Herschel. It is speculated, that the Milky Way will undergo a similar collision in about five billion years with the neighbouring Andromeda Galaxy, which is currently located about 2.6 million light-years away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1398</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1398 is an isolated barred spiral galaxy exhibiting a double ring structure. It is located 65 million light years from the Earth, in the constellation of Fornax. The galaxy, with a diameter of 135,000 light years, is bigger than the Milky Way. Over 100 billion stars are in the galaxy. It was first discovered by Friedrich Winnecke of Karlsruhe, Germany, on 17 December 1868, while he was searching for comets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2276</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cepheus

NGC 2276 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Cepheus. The galaxy lies 120 million light-years away from Earth. NGC 2276 has an asymmetrical appearance, most likely caused by gravitational interactions with its neighbor, elliptical galaxy NGC 2300. One of the many starburst spiral arms contains an intermediate mass black hole with 50,000 times the mass of the Sun, named NGC 2276-3c. NGC 2276-3c has produced two jets: a large-scale radio jet, approximately 2,000 light years long, and an "inner jet" about 6 light years long. The galaxy shows an enhanced rate of star formation that may have been triggered by a collision with a dwarf galaxy, or by the gravitational interaction with its neighbor compressing gas and dust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4490</span> Interacting galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4490, also known as the Cocoon Galaxy, is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. William Herschel discovered it in 1788. It is known to be of the closest interacting/merging galactic system. The galaxy lies at a distance of 25 million light years from Earth making it located in the local universe. It interacts with its smaller companion NGC 4485 and as a result is a starburst galaxy. NGC 4490 and NGC 4485 are collectively known in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 269. The two galaxies has already made their closest approach and are rushing away from each other. It's been discovered that NGC 4490 has a double nucleus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4647</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4647 is an intermediate spiral galaxy estimated to be around 63 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4647 is listed along with Messier 60 as being part of a pair of galaxies called Arp 116; their designation in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. The galaxy is located on the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 918</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 918 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries, about 67 million light years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by John Herschel on Jan 11, 1831.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5777</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5777 is a large edge-on spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. Its speed relative to the cosmic microwave background is 2,210 ± 5 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 32.6 ± 2.3 Mpc. NGC 5777 was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel in 1789.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3746</span>

NGC 3746 is a large barred spiral galaxy with a ring structure located in the Leo constellation. It is located 449 million light-years from the Solar System and has an approximate diameter of 165,000 light-years. NGC 3746 was discovered by Ralph Copeland on 9 February 1874 with subsequent observations made by Hermann Kobold, Lawrence Parsons and John Louis Emil Dreyer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6365</span> Galaxy pair in the constellation Draco

NGC 6365 is a pair of spiral galaxies in the constellation Draco. It consists of two galaxies, PGC 60174 to the south, and PGC 60171 to the north. These two galaxies are also designated respectively by the NASA/IPAC database as NGC 6365A and NGC 6365B. This pair of galaxies was discovered by German astronomer Lewis Swift in 1884.

References

  1. ↑ "HyperLeda -object description". atlas.obs-hp.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  2. ↑ Ford, Dominic. "NGC3509 (Galaxy)". In-The-Sky.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  3. ↑ "Revised NGC Data for NGC 3509". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  4. 1 2 3 "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  5. ↑ "NGC 3509 Galaxy Facts (UGC 6134) & Distance". Universe Guide. 2022-04-06. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  6. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  7. ↑ "Peculiar Galaxies for an 18" telescope". asimha.net. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  8. 1 2 3 Lazaro, Enrico de (2022-05-26). "Hubble Space Telescope Observes NGC 3509 | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  9. ↑ "Object of the Week March 2, 2014 – NGC3509 (Arp 335)". www.deepskyforum.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  10. ↑ Liu, Charles T.; Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr. (1995). "1995ApJ...450..547L Page 547". The Astrophysical Journal. 450: 547. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..547L. doi:10.1086/176165 . Retrieved 2024-05-05.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ "Hubble Views an Interacting Spiral - NASA Science". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  12. ↑ Miskolczi, A.; Bomans, D. J.; Dettmar, R.-J. (2011-12-01). "Tidal streams around galaxies in the SDSS DR7 archive - I. First results". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 536: A66. arXiv: 1102.2905 . Bibcode:2011A&A...536A..66M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116716. ISSN   0004-6361.
  13. ↑ "ARP Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  14. ↑ "Mantrap Skies Astronomical Image Catalog: ARP335". images.mantrapskies.com. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  15. 1 2 "SN 2010bi | Transient Name Server". www.wis-tns.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  16. 1 2 Pignata, G.; Cifuentes, M.; Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Cartier, R.; Forster, F.; Marchi, S.; Rojas, A.; Conuel, B.; Reichart, D. (2010-03-01). "Supernova 2010bi in NGC 3509". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2229: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2229....1P.
  17. ↑ dbishopx@gmail.com. "Bright Supernovae - 2010". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
  18. ↑ Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (2017), Branch, David; Wheeler, J. Craig (eds.), "Type IIP Supernovae", Supernova Explosions, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 245–265, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-55054-0_12, ISBN   978-3-662-55054-0 , retrieved 2024-05-05
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