NMS Sborul

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Sborul1920-1944.jpg
History
Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg Austria-Hungary
Name:Tb 81 T
Builder: Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino
Laid down: 6 February 1914
Launched: 6 August 1914
Commissioned: 1 December 1914
Fate: Given to Romania as reparations, 1920
Naval ensign of Romania (1922-1947).svg Romania
Name:Sborul
Namesake: The Romanian word for flight
Commissioned: 1920
Out of service: 1944
Reinstated: 1945
Fate: Broken up, 1958
Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Name:Musson
Commissioned: 1944
Fate: Returned to Romania, 1945
General characteristics
Class and type: 250t-class torpedo boat
Displacement:
  • 262 tons (standard)
  • 320 tons (full load)
Length: 58.2 m (190 ft 11 in)
Beam: 5.7 m (18 ft 8 in)
Draft: 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
Propulsion: 2 Yarrow boilers, 2 Parsons turbines, 2 shafts, 5,000 horse power
Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h)
Range: 980 nautical miles (1,810 km)
Complement: 39
Armament:

NMS Sborul was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy. She was commissioned in 1920, after initially serving as Tb 81 T in the Austro-Hungarian Navy during World War I. She and six more sister ships were awarded to Romania as reparations after the war ended.

Torpedo boat small and fast naval vessel armed with torpedoes

A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle. The first designs rammed enemy ships with explosive spar torpedoes, and later designs launched self-propelled Whitehead torpedoes. They were created to counter battleships and other slow and heavily armed ships by using speed, agility, and the power of their torpedo weapons. A number of inexpensive torpedo boats attacking en masse could overwhelm a larger ship's ability to fight them off using its large but cumbersome guns. An inexpensive fleet of torpedo boats could pose a threat to much larger and more expensive fleets of capital ships, albeit only in the coastal areas to which their small size and limited fuel load restricted them.

Austro-Hungarian Navy navy

The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the k.u.k. Kriegsmarine were designated SMS, for Seiner Majestät Schiff. Existing between 1867 and 1918, the k.u.k. Kriegsmarine came into being after the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, and ceased to exist upon the Empire's defeat and subsequent collapse at the end of World War I.

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

Contents

Construction and specifications

A vessel of the T-group of the 250t-class, Sborul was built by STT at the Port of Trieste. Under the designation 81 T, she was laid down on 6 February 1914, launched on 6 August that year and commissioned on 1 December. She had a waterline length of 58.2 m (190 ft 11 in), a beam of 5.7 m (18 ft 8 in), and a normal draught of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). While her designed displacement was 262 tonnes (258 long tons), she displaced about 320 tonnes (310 long tons) fully loaded. The crew consisted of 39 officers and enlisted men. Her Parsons turbines were rated at 5,000  shp (3,700 kW) with a maximum output of 6,000 shp (4,500 kW), enabling her to reach a top speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). She carried 18 tonnes (17.7 long tons) of coal and 24 tonnes (23.6 long tons) of fuel oil, which gave her a range of 980  nmi (1,810 km; 1,130 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). Under the provisions of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, she was given as reparations to Romania in 1920, along with six more boats of the same class. [1] [2] Notably, Sborul was the only Romanian torpedo boat of the Second World War to still have her torpedo tubes. [3] Along with the destroyers Mărăști and Mărășești , she was the only warship of the Romanian Navy to use 450 mm torpedoes, as opposed to most of the other vessels which used 533 mm torpedoes. [4] Her armament consisted of two 66 mm naval guns, two 20 mm anti-aircraft guns and two 450 mm torpedo tubes. [5] [6]

250t-class torpedo boat torpedo boat from the Austro-Hungarian Navy

The 250t class were high-seas torpedo boats built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy between 1913 and 1916. A total of 27 boats were built by three shipbuilding companies, with the letter after the boat number indicating the manufacturer. There were small variations between manufacturers, mainly in the steam turbines used, and whether they had one or two funnels. The eight boats of the T-group, designated 74 T – 81 T, were built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, located at Trieste. The sixteen boats of the F-group, 82 F – 97 F, were built by Ganz-Danubius at their shipyards at Fiume and Porto Re. The three M-group boats, 98 M – 100 M, were manufactured by Cantiere Navale Triestino at Monfalcone.

Port of Trieste port

The Free Port of Trieste is a port in the Adriatic Sea in Trieste, Italy.

Waterline length size of a ship

A vessel's waterline length is the length of a ship or boat at the level where it sits in the water. The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall (LOA) as most boats have bows and stern and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL. As a ship becomes more loaded, it will sit lower in the water and its ambient waterline length may change; but the registered LWL it is measured from a default load condition.

Career

Sborul was captured by Soviet forces in 1944 and commissioned by the Soviet Navy as Musson. She was returned to Romania on 22 September 1945 and continued to serve until 1958, when she was scrapped. [7]

Soviet Navy naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces

The Soviet Navy was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy was a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic plan in the event of a conflict with opposing super power, the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), or another conflict related to the Warsaw Pact of Eastern Europe. The influence of the Soviet Navy played a large role in the Cold War (1945-1991), as the majority of conflicts centered on naval forces.

While fighting on the Axis side during World War II, she was involved in the minelaying operation of the Bulgarian coast in October 1941. [8] Sborul also took part in the Battle of Jibrieni on 17 December 1941.

Battle of Jibrieni

The Battle of Jibrieni was an attack on 17 December 1941 by a Soviet submarine on an Axis convoy and its Romanian escorts off the coast of the Romanian village of Jibrieni. The engagement ended with the sinking of the attacking Soviet submarine M-59.

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Yugoslav torpedo boat <i>T2</i>

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NMS <i>Năluca</i>

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References

  1. ↑ René Greger, Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I, London, England: Ian Allan, 1976, p. 58
  2. ↑ Jane's Information Group, Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II, London, England: Studio Editions, 1989, p. 313
  3. ↑ Antony Preston, Warship 2001-2002, Conway Maritime Press, 2001, p. 70
  4. ↑ Cornel I. Scafeș, Armata Română 1941-1945, RAI, 1996, p. 175 (in Romanian)
  5. ↑ Janusz Piekałkiewicz, Sea War, 1939-1945, Historical Times, 1987, p. 350
  6. ↑ Earl Thomas Allnutt Brassey, Brassey's Annual: The Armed Forces Year Book, Praeger Publishers, 1945, p. 254
  7. ↑ Zvonimir Freivogel, Österreichisch-ungarische Hochseetorpedoboote und ihre Schicksale, Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 2002, p. 49 (in German)
  8. ↑ Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell, World War II Sea War, Volume 4: Germany Sends Russia to the Allies, p. 323
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