| NPAT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | NPAT , E14, E14/p220, nuclear protein, co-activator of histone transcription, nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 601448; MGI: 107605; HomoloGene: 1888; GeneCards: NPAT; OMA:NPAT - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Protein NPAT also known as nuclear protein of the ATM locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPAT gene. [5] [6]
NPAT (gene) has been shown to interact with Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [7] and POU2F1. [7]
S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as suppressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC consensus binding site in the target promoter sequence.
p21Cip1, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that is capable of inhibiting all cyclin/CDK complexes, though is primarily associated with inhibition of CDK2. p21 represents a major target of p53 activity and thus is associated with linking DNA damage to cell cycle arrest. This protein is encoded by the CDKN1A gene located on chromosome 6 (6p21.2) in humans.
Cyclin E is a member of the cyclin family.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. This protein kinase is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28, and S. pombe cdc2, also known as Cdk1 in humans. It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, where cells make proteins necessary for mitosis and replicate their DNA. This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. Its activity is also regulated by phosphorylation. Multiple alternatively spliced variants and multiple transcription initiation sites of this gene have been reported. The role of this protein in G1-S transition has been recently questioned as cells lacking Cdk2 are reported to have no problem during this transition.
Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.
Retinoblastoma-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBL2 gene.
G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNE1 gene.
Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA1 gene.
Transcription factor E2F3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F3 gene.
Histone H1.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H1A gene.
Lysine-specific demethylase 5A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5A gene.
Transcription factor E2F5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F5 gene.
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIN3B gene.
Cell division protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK3 gene.
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDKN3 gene.
Protein HIRA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIRA gene. This gene is mapped to 22q11.21, centromeric to COMT.
Histone H4 transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HINFP gene.
Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MS4A3 gene.
The Cyclin E/Cdk2 complex is a structure composed of two proteins, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Similar to other cyclin/Cdk complexes, the cyclin E/Cdk2 dimer plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, with this specific complex peaking in activity during the G1/S transition. Once the two cyclin and Cdk subunits are joined together, the complex becomes activated and proceeds to phosphorylate and bind to downstream proteins to ultimately promote cell cycle progression. Although cyclin E can bind to other Cdk proteins, its primary binding partner is Cdk2, and the majority of cyclin E activity occurs when it exists as the cyclin E/Cdk2 complex.
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