Nadine Burke Harris

Last updated

Arno Lockheart Harris
​
​
(m. 2011)​
Dr. Nadine Burke Harris
Nadine Burke (38557973172) (cropped).jpg
1st Surgeon General of California
In office
February 11, 2019 –February 11, 2022
Education University of California, Berkeley (BA)
University of California, Davis (MD)
Harvard University (MPH)
Stanford University (Pediatrics)
OccupationPediatrician, mental health researcher
Website drnadineburkeharris.com

Nadine Burke Harris (born October 5, 1975) is a Canadian-American pediatrician who was the Surgeon General of California between 2019 and 2022; she is the first person appointed to that position. [1] [2] She is known for linking adverse childhood experiences and toxic stress with harmful effects to health later in life. [3] Hailed as a pioneer in the treatment of toxic stress, [4] she is an advisory council member for the Clinton Foundation's "Too Small to Fail" campaign, [5] and the founder and former chief executive officer of the Center for Youth Wellness. [2] [4] Her work was also featured in Paul Tough's book How Children Succeed. [6]

Contents

Early life and education

Nadine Burke Harris was born on Oct 5, 1975 in Vancouver, British Columbia. [7] She is of Jamaican heritage and lived briefly in Jamaica before the family moved to the United States when she was 4 years old. [8] Her father is a biochemist and her mother is a nurse. She received her bachelor's degree in integrative biology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1996 and her medical degree from the University of California, Davis. [9] She completed her residency in pediatrics at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, within Stanford University School of Medicine. [10] After earning her master's degree in public health from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, [11] she went on to serve a residency at Stanford in pediatrics. [12]

Her graduate studies were supported by The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. [13] [14]

Early career

In 2005, Burke Harris joined the California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) staff, where she was tasked with the goal of developing programs to end health disparities in San Francisco. [15] While at Harvard, Burke Harris identified access to health care as a key component of health disparities in San Francisco. [16] In 2007, with support from CPMC, she became the founding physician of the Bayview Child Health Center and medical director of the new clinic. [4] [16]

Career

In 2008, after reading "The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Adult Health: Turning Gold Into Lead," by Vincent J. Felitti, Burke Harris realized that her patients' traumatic experiences were having a negative impact on their present and future health. [16]

In 2011, she was appointed by the American Academy of Pediatrics to the Project Advisory Committee for the Resilience Project. [17]

From 2010 to 2012, Burke Harris co-founded the Adverse Childhood Experiences project in the Bayview Hunters Point neighborhood in San Francisco, with colleagues Daniel Lurie from Tipping Point Foundation, Kamala Harris, Victor G. Carrion, Lenore Anderson, Lisa Pritzker, and Katie Albright. From this effort, the Center for Youth Wellness was created in 2012 to create a clinical model that recognizes the impact of adverse experiences on health and effectively treats toxic stress in children. The multidisciplinary approach focuses on preventing and undoing the chemical, physiological and neurodevelopmental results of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The Center integrates primary health care, mental health and wellness, research, policy, education, and community and family support services to children and families. [4] [16]

In 2014, she spoke at a TED event titled TEDMED in San Francisco. [18] Her talk, "How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime," had reached over 7.2 million viewers on TED.com as of June 2020. [19]

Nadine Burke Harris presents a COVID-19 educational video during her role as California Surgeon General in 2020.

In 2018, Burke Harris released her first book The Deepest Well: Healing the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Adversity, published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

On January 21, 2019, California Governor Gavin Newsom appointed her as the state's first Surgeon General. [20] She was sworn in on February 11, 2019. On February 1, 2022, she announced she would resign to focus on her family, effective February 11, 2022. [21] [22]

The Center for Youth Wellness

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are defined as preventable and traumatic early experiences; they can range from exposure to violence, poverty and neglect, to physical, emotional and sexual abuse. [23] As a result, it may increase the likelihood for "risky health behaviors, chronic health conditions, low life potential, and early death" [23] in adulthood. Exposure to ACEs may lead to toxic stress, which varies from typical stress in that it is chronic and excessive, and results in antagonistic physiological responses that can lead to poor health outcomes in life. [24]

The Center for Youth Wellness (CYW) aims to improve child and adolescent health by targeting the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences. A main goal of the CYW is that "every pediatrician in the United States will screen for Adverse Childhood Experiences by 2028." [25] More specifically, they target ACEs in San Francisco's Bayview/Hunter's Point neighborhood, a generally underserved area that had a poverty rate of 39% in 2010. [26] The CYW identified that exposure to ACEs, along with high violence, [4] increases the likelihood for detrimental health outcomes in this neighborhood. [24] They use a combination of ACEs risk screening (via questionnaire), care coordination, and multidisciplinary treatment (primary care, psychotherapy, psychiatry and biofeedback). [25]

Personal life

Burke Harris married Arno Lockheart Harris in 2011 at Dawn Ranch Lodge in Guerneville, California. [27] She is the mother of four boys. Her mother was hospitalized in the ICU, at Stanford University Medical Center, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an illness other than COVID, and due to COVID restrictions she was unable to visit her. [28] She resigned from her position in February 2022 to care for herself and her family. [22]

Committee appointments

Awards

Selected works

Related Research Articles

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States. It is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, and maintains an office in Washington, D.C. The AAP has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations.

Dominic Cappello is a strategist, writer, designer, and educator. He is the creator of the Ten Talks book series published by Hyperion in 2000 and 2001. Ten Talks received national attention when Oprah Winfrey created a show around the book on sex and character in October 2000, featuring parents who had used the books' approaches to family communication.

Childhood trauma is often described as serious adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Children may go through a range of experiences that classify as psychological trauma; these might include neglect, abandonment, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and physical abuse, witnessing abuse of a sibling or parent, or having a mentally ill parent. These events have profound psychological, physiological, and sociological impacts and can have negative, lasting effects on health and well-being such as unsocial behaviors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep disturbances. Similarly, children whose mothers have experienced traumatic or stressful events during pregnancy have an increased risk of mental health disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (LPCH) is a nationally ranked women's and children's hospital which is part of the Stanford University Health system. The hospital is located adjacent to the campus at 725 Welch Road, Palo Alto, California. It was founded in 1991 and is staffed by over 650 physicians with 4,750 staff and volunteers. The hospital specializes in the care of infants, children, teens, young adults aged 0–21, but sometimes treats older adults and expectant mothers. Lucile Packard Children's Hospital is an ACS verified Level 1 regional pediatric trauma center, 1 of 7 in the state.

Charles L. Whitfield was an American medical doctor in private practice specializing in assisting survivors of childhood trauma with their recovery, and with addictions including alcoholism and related disorders. He was certified by the American Society of Addiction Medicine, a founding member of the National Association for the Children of Alcoholics, and a member of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Redmond Burke</span> American surgeon

Redmond P. Burke is an American congenital heart surgeon, innovator, software developer, author, inventor, and founder of The Congenital Heart Institute at Miami Children's Hospital in Miami, Florida. He starred in the ABC pilot television show The Miracle Workers. Burke has been recognized as one of the world's most innovative surgeons, and for his use of information technology to improve surgical outcomes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Clara Valley Medical Center</span> Hospital in California, United States

Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, commonly known as Valley Medical Center or simply Valley Medical, is a prominent 731-bed public tertiary, teaching, and research hospital in San Jose, California. Located in the Fruitdale neighborhood of West San Jose, Valley Medical Center is the anchor facility of the Santa Clara County Health System, serving Santa Clara County. Valley Medical is home to numerous innovative research and care centers, such as the Rehabilitation Trauma Center, the only federally-designated spinal cord injury center in Northern California.

Early childhood is a critical period in a child's life that includes ages from birth to five years old. Psychological stress is an inevitable part of life. Human beings can experience stress from an early age. Although stress is a factor for the average human being, it can be a positive or negative molding aspect in a young child's life.

Child neglect, often overlooked, is the most common form of child maltreatment. Most perpetrators of child abuse and neglect are the parents themselves. A total of 79.4% of the perpetrators of abused and neglected children are the parents of the victims, and of those 79.4% parents, 61% exclusively neglect their children. The physical, emotional, and cognitive developmental impacts from early childhood neglect can be detrimental, as the effects from the neglect can carry on into adulthood.

Eliana Gil, is a lecturer, writer, and clinician of marriage, family and child. She is on the board of a number of professional counselling organizations that use play and art therapies, and she is the former president of the Association for Play Therapy (APT).

Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) is a World Health Organization, 43-item screening questionnaire intended to measure types of child abuse or trauma; neglect; household dysfunction; peer violence; sexual and emotional abuse, and exposure to community and collective violence. ACE-IQ is meant to be administered to people 18 years or older in all countries, and is currently undergoing validation testing.

Early childhood trauma refers to various types of adversity and traumatic events experienced during the early years of a person's life. This is deemed the most critical developmental period in human life by psychologists. A critical period refers to a sensitive time during the early years of childhood in which children may be more vulnerable to be affected by environmental stimulation. These traumatic events can include serious illness, natural disasters, family violence, sudden separation from a family member, being the victim of abuse, or suffering the loss of a loved one. Traumatic experiences in early childhood can result in severe consequences throughout adulthood, for instance developing post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety. The effects of this trauma can be experienced very differently depending on factors such as how long the trauma was, how severe and even the age of the child when it occurred. Negative childhood experiences can have a tremendous impact on future violence victimization and perpetration, and lifelong health and opportunity. However, not all children who are exposed to negative stimuli in early childhood will be affected severely in later life; some children come out unscathed after being faced with traumatic events, which is known as resilience. Many factors can account for the invulnerability displayed by certain children in response to adverse social conditions: gender, vulnerability, social support systems, and innate character traits. Much of the research in this area has referred to the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE) study. The ACE study found several protective factors against developing mental health disorders, including mother-child relations, parental health, and community support. However, having adverse childhood experiences creates long-lasting impacts on psychosocial functioning, such as a heightened awareness of environmental threats, feelings of loneliness, and cognitive deficits. Individuals with ACEs are more prone to developing severe symptoms than individuals in the same diagnostic category.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and household dysfunction during childhood. The categories are verbal abuse, physical abuse, contact sexual abuse, a battered mother/father, household substance abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household members, and parental separation or divorce. The experiences chosen were based upon prior research that has shown to them to have significant negative health or social implications, and for which substantial efforts are being made in the public and private sector to reduce their frequency of occurrence. Scientific evidence is mounting that such adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound long-term effect on health. Research shows that exposure to abuse and to serious forms of family dysfunction in the childhood family environment are likely to activate the stress response, thus potentially disrupting the developing nervous, immune, and metabolic systems of children. ACEs are associated with lifelong physical and mental health problems that emerge in adolescence and persist into adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, substance abuse, and depression.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surgeon General of California</span> Public health official in California, US

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are identified as serious and traumatizing experiences, such as abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, substance use, and other harmful events or situations that occur within a child's household or environment. Unfortunately, exposure to ACEs within the child's community is all too common in low-income households and neighborhoods, with close to 43% of children in the United States (U.S.) living in low-income families. ACEs were first identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente's Adverse Childhood Experiences Study conducted from 1995 to 1997, where ACEs were examined and correlated with later-life well-being. With one in four children experiencing or witnessing a potentially traumatic event, children who grow up in an unsafe environment are at risk for developing adverse health outcomes, affecting brain development, immune systems, and regulatory systems.

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Katherine Ortega Courtney is an American psychologist and author who co-developed the 100% Community model, a theoretical framework designed to guide the state and local work of preventing two interrelated public health and education challenges: adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adverse social determinants of health (SDH). As bureau chief of New Mexico's Child Protective Services Research, Assessment, and Data Bureau and developer of a data-scholars program for child welfare managers across the nation, she saw firsthand child welfare's lack of capacity to implement a data-driven strategy to prevent maltreatment by ensuring families had access to the vital services of medical care, mental health care, food security programs, and safe housing.

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References

  1. ↑ "Gov. Newsom Appoints California's First-Ever Surgeon General". NBC Bay Area. San Francisco, CA. January 21, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
  2. 1 2 Lee, Stephanie M. (February 17, 2015), "Dr. Nadine Burke Harris gets to the heart of children's stress", San Francisco Chronicle
  3. ↑ "Google gives $3 million to Nadine Burke Harris' Bayview clinic". San Francisco Chronicle. November 3, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Bayview center pioneers approach to crime prevention by fighting stress in youths". sfexaminer.com. December 8, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Center for Youth Wellness: Central to Broader Battle Against Child Trauma". chronicleofsocialchange.org. July 10, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Paul Tough Speaks at Harvard: How Children Succeed". Boston Globe. September 3, 2012.
  7. ↑ Ceiling Breaker for Female Leaders in Public Health, Clinton Foundation, March 20, 2015
  8. ↑ "Nadine Burke Harris- Heart of Gold". The Jamaica Gleaner. June 9, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Childhood trauma a public health crisis". healthnewscolorado.org. November 19, 2014.
  10. ↑ "Former pediatrics resident will be California's first surgeon general". scopeblog.stanford.edu. February 5, 2019.
  11. ↑ "Childhood trauma's devastating impact on health". hsph.harvard.edu. March 13, 2015.
  12. ↑ Tough, Paul (March 14, 2011). "The Poverty Clinic". The New Yorker. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Meet the Fellows | Nadine Burke-Harris". www.pdsoros.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  14. ↑ "Nadine Burke Harris: How Does Trauma Affect A Child's DNA?". NPR.org. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  15. ↑ "Makers Profile, Nadine Burke Harris, Founder & CEO, Center for Youth Wellness". Makers.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Childhood trauma a public health crisis The Poverty Clinic. Can a stressful childhood make you a sick adult?". The New Yorker. March 21, 2011.
  17. 1 2 "About the Project". aap.org. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  18. ↑ "TEDMED – Talks". TEDMED. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  19. ↑ "How Childhood Trauma Affects Health Across a Lifetime". TEDMED 2014. TED.com. 2014.
  20. ↑ "Gov. Newsom Appoints California's First-Ever Surgeon General". NBC Bay Area. January 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  21. ↑ CBS staff (February 1, 2022). "California Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke Harris Resigns". CBS Los Angeles. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  22. 1 2 Thompson, Don (February 2, 2022). "California's 1st surgeon general resigns, citing need to focus on 'care for myself and my family'". kcra.com . Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  23. 1 2 "Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention|Violence Prevention|Injury Center|CDC". www.cdc.gov. April 10, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  24. 1 2 "ACEs & Toxic Stress Science | Center for Youth Wellness". Center for Youth Wellness. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  25. 1 2 "Mission | Center for Youth Wellness". Center for Youth Wellness. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
  26. ↑ "Your Neighborhood at a Glance: Bayview-Hunters Point and Visitacion Valley" (PDF). Harder Company Community Research. March 2012 – via San Francisco Department of Public Health.
  27. ↑ "Weddings: Nadine Burke and Arno Harris". The New York Times. July 8, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  28. ↑ "California surgeon general gets personal about pandemic". CalMatters. February 27, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
  29. ↑ "U.S. Conference of Mayors Adopts Resolution to Replicate Let's Get Healthy California Task Force in Other U.S. Cities". Reuters . Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Let's Get Healthy California – Task Force Final Report – December 19, 2012, page xviii" (PDF). Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  31. ↑ "The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans – Spring 1999 Fellows". Archived from the original on September 7, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  32. ↑ "2013 Specialty Society Awards". humanism-in-medicine.org. The Arnold P. Gold Foundation. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016.
  33. ↑ Fagan, Kevin (February 28, 2014). "Dynamic leaders of child-help center win Irvine Award". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  34. ↑ Sentinel News Service (February 27, 2014). "The James Irvine Foundation Announces its 2014 Leadership Award Recipients". Los Angeles Sentinel. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  35. ↑ "The Heinz Awards :: Recipients". heinzawards.net. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  36. ↑ Briggance, BB; Burke, N (2002). "Shaping America's health care professions: the dramatic rise of multiculturalism". West J Med. 176 (1): 62–4. doi:10.1136/ewjm.176.1.62. PMC   1071658 . PMID   11788544.
  37. ↑ Burke, NJ; Hellman, JL; Scott, BG; Weems, CF; Carrion, VG (2011). "The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population". Child Abuse Negl. 35 (6): 408–13. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.006. PMC   3119733 . PMID   21652073.
  38. ↑ "The Shriver Report – The Chronic Stress of Poverty: Toxic to Children". shriverreport.org. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  39. ↑ Scott, Brandon G. (2013). "The Interrelation of Adverse Childhood Experiences within an At-Risk Pediatric Sample". Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. 6 (3): 217–229. doi:10.1080/19361521.2013.811459. S2CID   143601884.
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