Nakło nad Notecią

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Nakło nad Notecią
Naklo nad Notecia - Rynek.jpg
Market square
POL Naklo nad Notecia flag.svg
POL Naklo nad Notecia COA.svg
Poland adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nakło nad Notecią
Coordinates: 53°8′25″N17°35′34″E / 53.14028°N 17.59278°E / 53.14028; 17.59278
Country Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Voivodeship POL wojewodztwo kujawsko-pomorskie flag.svg  Kuyavian-Pomeranian
County Nakło
Gmina Nakło nad Notecią
First mentioned11th century
Town rights1299
Government
  MayorSławomir Napierała
Area
  Total
10.62 km2 (4.10 sq mi)
Population
 (2006)
  Total
19,409
  Density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
89-100
Car plates CNA
National roads DK10-PL.svg
Voivodeship roads DW241-PL.svg
Website http://www.naklo.pl

Nakło nad Notecią (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnakwɔ ˌnad nɔˈtɛt͡ɕɔ̃] ) is a town in north-central Poland on the river Noteć with 23,687 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Nakło County, and also of Gmina Nakło nad Notecią, [1] situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Krajna.

Contents

History

Historical and ethnographic museum located in an old granary Naklo Krajna museum1.jpg
Historical and ethnographic museum located in an old granary

Nakło began to develop as a Pomeranian settlement by the middle of the 10th century. It was initially called Nakieł, and its name comes from the Old Polish word nakieł. [2] The name morphed into Nakło in the 16th century. [2] The town was first mentioned in 11th-century documents. [2] Between 1109 and 1113 it fell to Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. It received Magdeburg town rights in 1299. It was a royal town of the Polish Crown [2] and a county seat located in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.

Nakło was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and known by the German name Nakel. It began to develop significantly after the completion of the Bydgoszcz Canal, which connected the Vistula with the Noteć, Warta, and Oder rivers. After the defeat of Prussia in the Napoleonic War of the Fourth Coalition, Nakło became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. After the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, it was restored to Prussia in the Congress of Vienna as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Posen. One of the main escape routes for surviving insurgents of the Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through the town. [3]

During the course of 19th-century industrialization, Nakło developed further after being connected with the Prussian Eastern Railway in 1851. It became part of the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871. After World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and many inhabitants joined the Greater Poland uprising (1918–19) in aim to reintegrate the town with the reborn state. [2] The town was captured by Polish insurgents on 1 January 1919, however, they were forced to withdraw in accordance to a Polish-German truce. [4] The Germans then brought reinforcements to the town. [4] In June 1919, American and British journalists visited the town, and the Germans tried to keep Poles away from the journalists. [4] Local Polish craftsman Antoni Nadskakuła shouted a pro-Polish and pro-Allied slogan to the journalists, and was later lynched by the Germans in revenge, and his workshop was destroyed. [4] The town was eventually restored to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. Within interwar Poland, it was administratively located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Mass grave of Polish inhabitants murdered by the Germans during World War II Glaz pamiatkowy z tablica umieszczony na schodkowym podescie. W mogile spoczywaja szczatki 369 ofiar terroru hitlerowskiego z Nakla i okolic zamordowanych przez Selbstschutz i niemiecka zandarmerie wojs - panoramio (2).jpg
Mass grave of Polish inhabitants murdered by the Germans during World War II

During the invasion of Poland, which started World War II, the German army invaded the town on 3 September 1939, and afterwards it was occupied by Nazi Germany until January 1945. [2] The German gendarmerie and the Selbstschutz carried out mass arrests of Poles in October and November 1939, and a prison for Poles was established in the local gymnasium. [5] Many Poles from Nakło, including teachers, craftsmen, merchants and children, were murdered in large massacres in the nearby village of Paterek. [6] In November 1939, the commander of the SD-EK 16 declared that all Polish intelligentsia capable of resistance had been eliminated. [7] Many Polish families expelled by the Germans from the region were deported to Nakło and then marched from the town to the nearby Potulice concentration camp. [8] 73 Poles from the Nakło County, including 20 policemen, were also murdered by the Russians in the large Katyn massacre in April–May 1940. [9] In August 1944, the Germans brought around 300 Polish forced labourers aged 15–50 from the Wyrzysk area to the town, and then deported them to a newly established forced labour camp in Jajkowo. [10]

The town was administratively part of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998.

Sports

The local football club is Czarni Nakło  [ pl ]. It competes in the lower leagues.

Notable residents

Twin towns

Nakło nad Notecią is twinned with: [11]

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Dębionek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadki, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Sadki, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Nakło nad Notecią, and 39 km (24 mi) west of Bydgoszcz.

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References

  1. "O mieście i gminie" . Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Historia". Portal - Nakło (in Polish). Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  3. Umiński, Janusz (1998). "Losy internowanych na Pomorzu żołnierzy powstania listopadowego". Jantarowe Szlaki (in Polish). No. 4 (250). p. 16.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Antoni Nadskakuła – zapomniany bohater z Krajny". PortalKujawski.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  5. Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 163.
  6. Wardzyńska, p. 163-164
  7. Wardzyńska, p. 160
  8. Molesztak, Aldona (2020). "Doświadczenia obozowe dzieci w niemieckim obozie przesiedleńczym i pracy w Potulicach i Smukale - wspomnienia więźniarek". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 197.
  9. Małgorzata Dobrosielska. "Odsłonięcie tablicy pamięci w Nakle nad Notecią". Policja Kujawsko-Pomorska (in Polish). Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  10. Paczoska, Alicja (2002). "Obóz robot fortyfikacyjnych w Jajkowie koło Brodnicy". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 8-9 (19-20). IPN. p. 50. ISSN   1641-9561.
  11. "Miasta partnerskie" . Retrieved 8 September 2019.