Naleszkiewicz-Nowotny NN 1

Last updated
NN 1
Naleszkiewicz-Nowotny NN-1 in flight L'Aerophile February 1933.jpg
Roleexperimental high performance sailplane
National origin Poland
ManufacturerCWL Dęblin
DesignerJarosław Naleszkiewicz and Adam Nowotny
First flight23 October 1931
Number built1

TheNaleszkiewicz & Nowotny NN 1 was an experimental high performance sailplane flown in Poland in 1931. Despite having advanced features, a disappointing performance led to its early abandonment.

Poland Republic in Central Europe

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With a population of nearly 38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.

Contents

Design and development

The 1931, aerodynamically clean NN 1 was an advanced design for its time, with cantilever wings and divided ailerons and unusual in having a triple tail. Its very streamlined forward fuselage was achieved by sacrificing forward vision from the enclosed cockpit. [1]

Twin tail type of vertical stabilizer arrangement found on some aircraft

A twin tail is a specific type of vertical stabilizer arrangement found on the empennage of some aircraft. Two vertical stabilizers—often smaller on their own than a single conventional tail would be—are mounted at the outside of the aircraft's horizontal stabilizer. This arrangement is also known as an H-tail, as it resembles a capital "H" when viewed from rear - these were used on a wide variety of World War II multi-engine designs that saw mass production, especially on the American B-24 Liberator and B-25 Mitchell bombers, the British Avro Lancaster and Handley-Page Halifax heavy bombers, and on the Soviet Union's Petlyakov Pe-2 attack bomber.

Its high, two part wing, which had an approximately elliptical plan, was built around a single spar and was entirely plywood-covered. Most of the trailing edge carried narrow chord ailerons, each divided into three parts. [1] [2]

Spar (aeronautics) Main structural member of the wing of an aircraft

In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all. However, where a single spar carries the majority of the forces on it, it is known as the main spar.

Plywood manufactured wood panel made from thin sheets of wood veneer

Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards which includes medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and particle board (chipboard).

Trailing edge

The trailing edge of an aerodynamic surface such as a wing is its rear edge, where the airflow separated by the leading edge rejoins. Essential flight control surfaces are attached here to control the direction of the departing air flow, and exert a controlling force on the aircraft. Such control surfaces include ailerons on the wings for roll control, elevators on the tailplane controlling pitch, and the rudder on the fin controlling yaw. Elevators and ailerons may be combined as elevons on tailless aircraft.

The NN 1 had a ply-covered, semi-monocoque, pod-and-boom fuselage, though an unusual one. In plan it tapered only gently aft but a side view shows the forward section had a deep, oval profile that blended into a more strongly tapering boom. The open cockpit, fitted with a full complement of blind-flying instruments, was cut out of the forward fuselage without a local change in profile, leaving the pilot with good sideways views but very little forward vision. Landing gear was a skid under the forward fuselage. [1] [2] [3]

Monocoque Structural design that supports loads through an objects external skin

Monocoque, also structural skin, is a structural system where loads are supported through an object's external skin, similar to an egg shell. The word monocoque is a French term for "single shell" or "single hull". First used in boats, a true monocoque carries both tensile and compressive forces within the skin and can be recognised by the absence of a load-carrying internal frame.

Landing gear aircraft part with rubber wheels which supports the aircraft while not in the air

Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally both. It was also formerly called alighting gear by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company.

At the rear a narrow-chord, rectangular tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and carried elevators of essentially the same plan. Fins were mounted at the ends of the tailplane and carried rudders; a third fin and rudder was mounted centrally, on the fuselage. All these had an overall rectangular profile, with greater chord than height, and projected both above and below the tailplane and fuselage. [1] [2] [3]

Chord (aeronautics) imaginary straight line joining the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil

In aeronautics, a chord is the imaginary straight line joining the leading edge and trailing edge of an aerofoil. The chord length is the distance between the trailing edge and the point where the chord intersects the leading edge. The point on the leading edge used to define the chord may be either the surface point of minimum radius or the surface point that maximizes chord length.

Tailplane small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such as helicopters and gyroplanes

A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabiliser, is a small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such as helicopters and gyroplanes. Not all fixed-wing aircraft have tailplanes. Canards, tailless and flying wing aircraft have no separate tailplane, while in V-tail aircraft the vertical stabiliser, rudder, and the tail-plane and elevator are combined to form two diagonal surfaces in a V layout.

Elevator (aeronautics) type of flight control surface

Elevators are flight control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's pitch, and therefore the angle of attack and the lift of the wing. The elevators are usually hinged to the tailplane or horizontal stabilizer. They may be the only pitch control surface present, and are sometimes located at the front of the aircraft or integrated into a rear "all-moving tailplane", also called a slab elevator or stabilator.

Its first, ground-towed, flight, piloted by Nowotny, was on 23 October 1931. A few days later the NN 1 was air-towed from Dęblin to Warsaw for trials. [1] Perhaps because of directional instabilities, structural issues [2] or poor cockpit visibility, the unexceptional performance led to an early end to the trials. [1]

Dęblin Place in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland

Dęblin is a town, population 16,656, at the confluence of Vistula and Wieprz rivers, in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Dęblin is the part of the agglomeration with adjacent towns of Ryki and Puławy, which altogether has over 100 000 inhabitants. Dęblin is part of historic province of Lesser Poland, and for centuries the area of the town belonged to Stężyca Land, Sandomierz Voivodeship. Since 1927 it has been the home of the chief Polish Air Force Academy, and as such Dęblin is one of the most important places associated with aviation in Poland. The town is also a key railroad junction, located along the major Lublin – Warsaw line, with two additional connections stemming from Dęblin – one westwards to Radom, and another one northeast to Łuków. Dęblin is home to a sports club Czarni.

Warsaw Capital of Poland

Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.78 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 8th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres (199.71 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi). Warsaw is an alpha global city, a major international tourist destination, and a significant cultural, political and economic hub. Its historical old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Specifications

Naleszkiewicz-Nowotny NN 1 Naleszkiewicz-Nowotny NN-1 3-view L'Aerophile July 1932.jpg
Naleszkiewicz-Nowotny NN 1

Data from j2mc planeurs :Nowotny-Naleszkiewicz NN-1, [2] Polish Aircraft 1893-1939, [1] SZYBOWCE : NN 1 [3]

General characteristics

Performance

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cynk, Jerzy (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893-1939 . London: Putnam Publishing. p. 730. ISBN   0 370 00085 4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Nowotny-Naleszkiewicz NN-1". j2mcl-planeurs.net. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 "NN 1". piotrp.de. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
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