The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica or artificially. They are a subclass of the larger family of ansamycins. Rifamycins are particularly effective against mycobacteria, and are therefore used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, and mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections.
Teicoplanin is an semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to vancomycin. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. It is used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.
The mitomycins are a family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. They include mitomycin A, mitomycin B, and mitomycin C. When the name mitomycin occurs alone, it usually refers to mitomycin C, its international nonproprietary name. Mitomycin C is used as a medicine for treating various disorders associated with the growth and spread of cells.
Chlorophyll b is a form of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll b helps in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. It is more soluble than chlorophyll a in polar solvents because of its carbonyl group. Its color is green, and it primarily absorbs blue light.
Geldanamycin is a 1,4-benzoquinone ansamycin antitumor antibiotic that inhibits the function of Hsp90 by binding to the unusual ADP/ATP-binding pocket of the protein. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oncogenesis.
Streptomyces clavuligerus is a species of Gram-positive bacterium notable for producing clavulanic acid.
The non-mevalonate pathway—also appearing as the mevalonate-independent pathway and the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate/1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (MEP/DOXP) pathway—is an alternative metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The currently preferred name for this pathway is the MEP pathway, since MEP is the first committed metabolite on the route to IPP.
In enzymology, precorrin-6A synthase (deacetylating) (EC 2.1.1.152) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a precorrin-6A reductase (EC 1.3.1.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a precorrin-3B synthase (EC 1.14.13.83) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme threonine-phosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.81) catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The Aminoshikimate pathway is a biochemical pathway present in some plants, which has been studied by biologists, biochemists and especially those interested in manufacture of novel antibiotic drugs. The pathway is a novel variation of the shikimate pathway. The aminoshikimate pathway was first discovered and studied in the rifamycin B producer Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Its end product, 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate, serves as an initiator for polyketide synthases in the biosynthesis of ansamycins.
Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide antibiotic. It is a member of the streptogramin A group of antibiotics and one component of pristinamycin. Pristinamycin IIA was first isolated from the Streptomyces virginiae, but has been isolated from other microorganisms and thus has been given a variety of other names such as Virginiamycin M1, Mikamycin A, and Streptogramin A. Pristinamycin IIA structure was determined by chemical and instrumental techniques, including X-ray crystallography. Pristinamycin IIA is of interest from a biosynthetic viewpoint because it contains the unusual dehydroproline and oxazole ring systems. The only experimental evidence bearing on the formation of the oxazole ring is found in work on the biosynthesis of the alkaloid annuloline.
Bipinnatin J is a diterpene isolated from the bipinnate sea plume Antillogorgia bipinnata, a sea fan found in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It is one of the structurally simplest of the furanocembrenolides, and is speculated to be a biosynthetic precursor to a wide array cembrenolides along with the dehydroxylated analog, rubifolide.
Farinamycin is a quinazoline metabolite that has been isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It is the first known metabolite to be produced by S. griseus that is not a phenoxazinone antibiotic. Farinamycin is formed from the condensation of 3-OH-anthranalite and 3,4-AHBA building blocks that later combine with Enaminomycin C biosynthetically. Many Streptomyces natural products have been used as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer agents and immunosuppressive agents.
Plantazolicin (PZN) is a natural antibiotic produced by the gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus velezensis FZB42. PZN has specifically been identified as a selective bactericidal agent active against Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. This natural product is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP); it can be classified further as a thiazole/oxazole-modified microcin (TOMM) or a linear azole-containing peptide (LAP).
Streptomyces collinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Baden in Germany. Streptomyces collinus produces ansatrienin A2, ansatrienin A3, ansatrienin B, naphthomycin A, collinomycine, toromycin, streptocollin, kirromycin and rubromycine.
Butyrolactol A is an organic chemical compound of interest for its potential use as an antifungal antibiotic.
