Nasal bridge

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Nasal bridge is the bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones, above the part in blue labeled "Cartilage of Septum". Gray852.png
Nasal bridge is the bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones, above the part in blue labeled "Cartilage of Septum".
The bridge is between the eyes, and just below them. The lower half of the nose is below the bridge. Face of SpooSpa.jpg
The bridge is between the eyes, and just below them. The lower half of the nose is below the bridge.

The nasal bridge is the upper, bony part of the nose, which overlies the nasal bones.

Contents

Association with epicanthic folds

Low-rooted nasal bridges are closely associated with epicanthic folds. A lower nasal bridge is more likely to cause an epicanthic fold, and vice versa. [1]

Dysmorphology

A lower or higher than average nasal bridge can be a sign of various genetic disorders, such as fetal alcohol syndrome. A flat nasal bridge can be a sign of Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), fragile X syndrome, 48,XXXY variant Klinefelter syndrome, [2] or Bartarlla-Scott syndrome.

An appearance of a widened nasal bridge can be seen with dystopia canthorum, which is a lateral displacement of the inner canthi of the eyes. [3] Dystopia canthorum is associated with Waardenburg syndrome. [4]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waardenburg syndrome type 2D</span> Medical condition

Waardenburg syndrome type 2D, a subtype of the Waardenburg syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder caused by a mutation in the SLUG (SNAI2) gene. It is characterized by the lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes as well as the abnormalities in the outer wall of the cochlea. This subtype lacks the wide distance between the eyes, known as dystopia canthorum, that is observed in most patients with Waardenburg syndrome. Those affected, exhibit varying degrees of deafness or complete hearing loss along with heterochromia and reports of early graying. This disease is observed in the neonatal stages of early life.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waardenburg syndrome type 1</span> Congenital disorder

Waardenburg syndrome type 1 is a congenital disorder that caused by a mutation in the PAX3 gene that results in abnormal development in the neural crest during early development. Type 1 results in early graying and white forelock and a notable distance between the eyes, noted as dystopia canthorum. Common symptoms of the disease also includes non-progressive hearing loss in majority of patients with type 1. Patients can display complete or partial heterochromia and hypoplastic blue irides and congenital leukemia.

Waardenburg syndrome type 4A is an extremely rare congenital disorder caused by a mutation in an endothelin receptor gene. It results in common Waardenburg syndrome symptoms such as abnormal hair and skin pigmentation and heterochromia, but also present with symptoms of Hirschsprung's disease. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. Waardenburg syndrome type 4A is the rarest among the types, appearing only once in about every 1,000,000 individuals. There have only been a total of 50 cases reported in total as of 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentasomy X</span> Chromosomal disorder

Pentasomy X, also known as 49,XXXXX, is a chromosomal disorder in which a female has five, rather than two, copies of the X chromosome. Pentasomy X is associated with short stature, intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, heart defects, skeletal anomalies, and pubertal and reproductive abnormalities. The condition is exceptionally rare, with an estimated prevalence between 1 in 85,000 and 1 in 250,000.

References

  1. Montagu, A. (1989) Growing Young N.Y.: McGraw Hill pp. 40
  2. Klinefelter Syndrome Clinical Presentation
  3. Genetic Hearing Loss Archived 2013-02-17 at the Wayback Machine from UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology. DATE: March 17, 2004. RESIDENT PHYSICIAN: Jing Shen. FACULTY PHYSICIAN: Ronald W. Deskin, MD. SERIES EDITORS: Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD and Matthew W. Ryan, MD.
  4. Tagra S, Talwar AK, Walia RL, Sidhu P (2006). "Waardenburg syndrome". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 72 (4): 326. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.26718 . PMID   16880590.