Jute is a long, soft, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from flowering plants in the genus Corchorus, which is in the mallow family Malvaceae. The primary source of the fiber is Corchorus olitorius, but it is considered inferior to Corchorus capsularis. "Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber used to make burlap, hessian or gunny cloth.
Kenaf [etymology: Persian], Hibiscus cannabinus, is a plant in the family Malvaceae also called Deccan hemp and Java jute. Hibiscus cannabinus is in the genus Hibiscus and is native to southern Asia, though its exact origin is unknown. The name also applies to the fibre obtained from this plant. Kenaf is one of the allied fibres of jute and shows similar characteristics.
In the textile industry, a tow is a coarse, broken fibre, removed during processing flax, hemp, or jute and separated from the chives. Flax tows are often used as upholstery stuffing and oakum. Tows in general are frequently cut up to produce staple fibre. The very light color of flax tow is the source of the word "towhead", meaning a person with naturally light blonde hair.
The jute trade is centered mainly around India and the Indian State of West Bengal. The major producing country of jute is India, due to its natural fertile soil. Bengal Jute was exported to South East Asia from the 17th century by the Dutch, French and later by other Europeans.
Jute is one of the important natural fibers after cotton in terms of cultivation and usage. Cultivation is dependent on the climate, season, and soil. Almost 85% of the world's jute cultivation is concentrated in the Ganges Delta.
Bast fibre is plant fibre collected from the phloem or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants. It supports the conductive cells of the phloem and provides strength to the stem. Some of the economically important bast fibres are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, as for instance flax, hemp, or ramie, but also bast fibres from wild plants, as stinging nettle, and trees such as lime or linden, wisteria, and mulberry have been used in the past. Bast fibres are classified as soft fibres, and are flexible. Fibres from monocotyledonous plants, called "leaf fibre", are classified as hard fibres and are stiff.
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture. The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as its president. It is the largest network of agricultural research and education institutes in the world.
Naihati is a city and municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Education in West Bengal is provided by both the public sector as well as the private sector. The modern education system was developed by the British missionaries and the Indian social reformists. West Bengal has many institutes of higher education like – University of Calcutta, Presidency University, Jadavpur University, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani, Indian Statistical Institute and Visva-Bharati University.
Corchorus capsularis, commonly known as white jute, is a shrub species in the family Malvaceae. It is one of the sources of jute fibre, considered to be of finer quality than fibre from Corchorus olitorius, the main source of jute. The leaves are used as a foodstuff and the leaves, unripe fruit and the roots are used in traditional medicine.
The United Nations General Assembly declared 2009 as the International Year of Natural Fibres, as well as the International Year of Astronomy.
Jute mallow or nalta jute is a species of shrub in the family Malvaceae. Together with C. capsularis it is the primary source of jute fiber. The leaves and young fruits are used as a vegetable, the dried leaves are used for tea and as a soup thickener, and the seeds are edible.
The Ministry of Textiles is an Indian government national agency responsible for the formulation of policy, planning, development, export promotion and regulation of the textile industry in India. This includes all natural, artificial, and cellulosic fibers that go into the making of textiles, clothing and Handicrafts.
Named after Madhav Prasad Birla, the M. P. Birla Group is one of the leading industrial groups in India. The group owns a number of factories producing a wide range of products, ranging from cement to cables, jute goods and guar gum. Birla Corporation Limited is the flagship company of the group. It has its registered principal Office in Kolkata and offices in Mumbai and New Delhi, among other places. The group includes Universal Cables Ltd., Vindhya Telelinks Ltd., Birla Cables Ltd., Birla Furukawa Fibre Optics Pvt Ltd and Hindustan Gum & Chemicals Ltd. In addition to Kolkata, Birlapur and Durgapur, the group has plants located in Rewa, Maihar, Satna, Raebareli, Kundanganj (Raebareli), Chanderia (Chittorgarh), Jodhpur, Viramgam, Bhiwani, Butibori and Goa.
A consortium of researchers in Bangladesh has successfully decoded the jute plant draft genome sequencing. The consortium consisted of Dhaka University, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute and software company DataSoft Systems Bangladesh Ltd. in collaboration with Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Science Malaysia and University of Hawaii at Manoa, US. On June 16, 2010, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had disclosed in the parliament that Bangladeshi researchers had successfully done draft jute genome sequencing which will contribute to improving jute fibre. Bangladesh is the second country after Malaysia among the developing nations in this kind of achievement.
The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. According to the Ministry of Textiles, the share of textiles in total exports during April–July 2010 was 11.04%. During 2009–2010, the Indian textile industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135 textile finishing factories in all of India. According to AT Kearney’s ‘Retail Apparel Index’, India was ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.
is the Engineering Department Of University Of Calcutta in West Bengal, India, approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi and affiliated to the Institute Of Engineers India. This Department was founded by the University of Calcutta on 1951. This Department offers B.Tech, M.Tech & PHD Degrees. It offer Two Major Degrees in Undergraduate. B.Tech in Jute Technology and B.Tech in Fibre Technology.
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute is the oldest mono corporate research institute in Bangladesh, operated by Bangladesh government.
ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers (ICAR-CRIJAF), established in 1953 as Jute Agricultural Research Institute (JARI), is only research institute on jute & allied fibres crops in India and is a constituent unit of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) an Autonomous Body under Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE) under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India. This institute is located in Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Jute Industry in Bangladesh is an industry that is historically and culturally important that once was the biggest industry in the region but has declined since then. Jute was historically a major export item of Bangladesh but has declined since the 1970s. Exports have fallen as other countries grew jute and alternate products like plastic and hemp found more widespread use. Bangladesh produces, as of 2018, 33 percent of the total worldwide production of jute.
