Ngaruroro River

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Ngaruroro River
Ngaruroro River between Kiwi Mouth and Kiwi Saddle Hut. Kawekas, New Zealand 01.JPG
Ngaruroro River in the Kaweka Range
Ngaruroro river system.png
Ngaruroro river system
Native nameNgaruroro (Māori)
Location
CountryNew Zealand
Region Hawkes Bay
Physical characteristics
Source Kaimanawa Range
Mouth Hawke Bay
  coordinates
39°34′S176°56′E / 39.567°S 176.933°E / -39.567; 176.933
  elevation
Sea level
Length164 kilometres (102 mi)

The Ngaruroro River is located in the eastern North Island of New Zealand. It runs for a total of 164 kilometres southeast from the Kaweka Range, Kaimanawa Range and Ruahine Range and then east before emptying into Hawke Bay roughly halfway between the cities of Napier and Hastings, near the town of Clive (drainage area 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi) [1] above Tutaekuri River confluence). About 40% of the catchment is pasture, and 55% native forest. [2] The meaning of Ngaruroro is obscure. [3]

Contents

Course

The upper Ngaruroro drains the Kaweka Forest Park and it is used for trout fishing (mostly rainbow), [4] rafting, tramping and deer hunting.

The river is mostly a single-thread channel down to Whanawhana (45 kilometres (28 mi) from the coast), flowing through a greywacke rock gorge. Below Whanawhana, the river opens to wide braided channel [5] and is joined by the Maraekakaho River. The Ngaruroro shares a river mouth with the Tutaekuri, Clive River and Muddy Creek. The meeting of these rivers forms the Waitangi Estuary. [6]

Aquifer

The Ngaruroro River recharges freshwater to the Heretaunga groundwater aquifer (in the order of four cubic metres per second (140 cu ft/s) [3] ). This aquifer feeds several streams in the area (e.g. Raupare, Irongate), in addition to pumping that supports extensive orchards of the Heretaunga Plains. Eventually the aquifer discharges to the sea in submarine springs some 20 kilometres (12 mi) off the coast. [7]

Flooding

The Ngaruroro is one of several rivers that helped form the alluvial Heretaunga Plains at the south end of the coast of Hawke Bay. The course of the Ngaruroro has changed several times, originally flowing down what is now the Clive River. It changed to much of its present course in 1867 during a major flood. In 1969, the bottom four kilometres (2.5 mi) of river was diverted more directly to the coast (near Pakowhai Road) in an effort to reduce flooding. The river is now contained within flood banks in these lower reaches from Fernhill, Hawke's Bay to the mouth of the river. The Karamu and Clive remain as rivers, but drain a smaller catchment.

The river breached its flood banks during Cyclone Gabrielle in February 2023, inundating a large area of the Heretaunga Plains. The settlements of Omahu, Waiohiki and Pakowhai were severely affected with dozens of homes being destroyed. Large areas of orchards and vineyards were ruined and homes in Taradale were evacuated. [8] Bridges 216 [9] and 217 (Waitangi Washout) on the Palmerston North–Gisborne railway line [10] and Waitangi Park Bridge on SH51 were damaged. [11]

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The Tutaekuri River flows eastward for 99.9 kilometres through the Hawke's Bay Region of the eastern North Island of New Zealand into the Pacific Ocean. It starts in the Kaweka Range roughly 50 kilometres north-east of Taihape, and reaches the sea just to the south of Napier, where the Ngaruroro and Clive Rivers join it.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Te Awa o Mokotūāraro</span> River in New Zealand

Te Awa o Mokotūāraro, formerly known as the Clive River, is a river in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. At 33 kilometres (21 mi) long, it is the shortest of the main rivers flowing through the Heretaunga Plains.

The Donald River is a river in the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. It flows southeast from the Kaweka Ranges in the Kaweka Forest Park, reaching the Tutaekuri River 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Napier.

Awatoto is a coastal suburb area within the city of Napier, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. It stretches along the coast south of Te Awa and the central city. The northern part of Awatoto is residential, while the southern part is industrial, including heavy industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahuriri Lagoon</span> Historic lagoon in New Zealand

Ahuriri Lagoon was a large tidal lagoon at Napier, on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island, that largely drained when the area was raised by the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.

Waiohiki is a rural community in the Hastings District and Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located between the Ngaruroro and Tutaekuri Rivers, south of Taradale and north of Hastings on State Highway 50. Napier Golf Club is located at Waiohiki.

Pakowhai is a small settlement in the Hastings District and Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is a located between Napier and Hastings, north of the Ngaruroro River.

State Highway 51 is a New Zealand state highway that runs between Napier and Hastings via Clive. Known locally as the Coastal Route, it was the main route between the two cities prior to the completion of the Hawke's Bay Expressway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rissington, Hawke's Bay</span> Settlement in Hawkes Bay Region, New Zealand

Rissington is a farming settlement 15 km (9.3 mi) north west of Napier, New Zealand. It lies in Hawke's Bay Region, between Sherenden and Napier, in the Mangaone River valley, on the road to Patoka and Puketitiri. A fire station, cemetery and a war memorial are the only remaining public structures, but it once had several more and was home to the country's first Women's Institute, co-founded by Amy Hutchinson and Bessie Spencer.

In late June 2024, torrential rain led to flooding in the North Island's East Coast regions of Hawke's Bay and the Gisborne District. This flooding led to evacuations and local states of emergency being declared in Hastings and Wairoa. 400 properties were flooded in Wairoa. In response, Emergency Management and Recovery Minister Mark Mitchell announced that the New Zealand Government would contribute $300,000 to mayoral relief funds in Hastings, Wairoa and the Gisborne District. According to Mayor of Wairoa Craig Little, Wairoa sustained NZ$40 million worth of flood damage.

References

  1. "Browser not supported | Koordinates". koordinates.com. Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  2. "REC New Zealand - Ministry for the Environment (MfE) | New Zealand | GIS Map Data | Koordinates". Archived from the original on 20 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Ngaruroro River Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Waitangi Estuary". Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  7. Grant, P.J. 1965. The groundwaters of the Heretaunga Plains - the Ngaruroro River as a major recharge source. Journal of Hydrology (N.Z.) Vol. 4:65-80; http://www.hydrologynz.org.nz/downloads/JoHNZ_1965_v4_2_Grant.pdf Archived 7 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Cyclone Gabrielle: Rural Hawke's Bay residents scramble onto roofs to avoid flooding". Radio New Zealand.
  9. "Kiwirail - Bridge 216 over Ngaruroro River". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  10. "Kiwirail - Bridge 217, north of Clive". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  11. "Traffic map". www.journeys.nzta.govt.nz. Retrieved 22 February 2023.