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Arboriculture is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants. The science of arboriculture studies how these plants grow and respond to cultural practices and to their environment. The practice of arboriculture includes cultural techniques such as selection, planting, training, fertilization, pest and pathogen control, pruning, shaping, and removal.
An arborist, or arboriculturist, is a professional in the practice of arboriculture, which is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants in dendrology and horticulture.
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown to a desired size. Mostly the plants concerned are for gardening, forestry, or conservation biology, rather than agriculture. They include retail nurseries, which sell to the general public; wholesale nurseries, which sell only to businesses such as other nurseries and commercial gardeners; and private nurseries, which supply the needs of institutions or private estates. Some will also work in plant breeding.
Pruning is a horticultural, arboricultural, and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.
The New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University is one of Cornell University's four statutory colleges, and is the only agricultural college in the Ivy League. With enrollment of approximately 3,100 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students, CALS is Cornell's second-largest undergraduate college and the third-largest college of its kind in the United States.
Urban forestry is the care and management of single trees and tree populations in urban settings for the purpose of improving the urban environment. Urban forestry involves both planning and management, including the programming of care and maintenance operations of the urban forest. Urban forestry advocates the role of trees as a critical part of the urban infrastructure. Urban foresters plant and maintain trees, support appropriate tree and forest preservation, conduct research and promote the many benefits trees provide. Urban forestry is practiced by municipal and commercial arborists, municipal and utility foresters, environmental policymakers, city planners, consultants, educators, researchers and community activists.
Floriculture is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colorful flowers and foliage for human enjoyment in human environments. It is a commercially successful branch of horticulture and agriculture found throughout the world. Efficient production practices have been developed over the years, for the hundreds of plant taxa used in the floral industry, increasing the overall knowledge of whole plant biology. Plant breeding and selection have produced tens of thousands of new genotypes for human use. Jasmine, marigold, chrysanthemum, rose, orchid, and anthurium are flowers of commercial demand.
Ulmus 'Frontier' is an American hybrid cultivar, a United States National Arboretum introduction derived from a crossing of the European Field Elm Ulmus minor with the Chinese Elm Ulmus parvifolia in 1971. Released in 1990, the tree is a rare example of the hybridization of spring- and autumn-flowering elms. Tested in the US National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University, 'Frontier' averaged a survival rate of 74% after 10 years.
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Dauvessei', one of a number of cultivars arising from the crossing of the Wych Elm U. glabra with a variety of Field Elm U. minor, is a very rare cultivar said to have originated at the D. Dauvesse nursery in Orléans, France before 1877.
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Augustine', originally called 'Augustine Ascending', was cloned by Archie M. Augustine of the Augustine Nursery of Bloomington, Illinois, from a nursery seedling planted in 1927 in Normal, Illinois, and found to be columnar in habit.
The American Elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Valley Forge' was raised by the Agricultural Research Service in Maryland. The tree was released to wholesale nurseries without patent restrictions by the U. S. National Arboretum in 1995 after proving to have a high resistance to Dutch elm disease. 'Valley Forge' proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 66.7% overall, owing largely to environmental factors rather than susceptibility to disease.
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'New Harmony' was raised by the Maryland Agricultural Research Service and released by the United States National Arboretum in 1995, along with 'Valley Forge'. 'New Harmony' proved the most successful U. americana cultivar in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 85.5% overall.
The Siberian elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Chinkota' was developed from seed of the cultivar 'Dropmore' by the Horticulture & Forestry Department of South Dakota State University c.1955, as one of a seed-produced line of extremely cold-hardy and drought-resistant trees for use in the Great Plains.
Ulmus davidianavar.japonica 'JFS-Bieberich' is a Japanese Elm cultivar that was raised by the Sunshine Nursery, Oklahoma, from seed collected in China by proprietor Steve Bieberich. Emerald Sunshine proved only moderately successful in the US National Elm Trial, averaging a survival rate of 70% overall.
Ulmus 'Patriot' is a hybrid cultivar raised by the United States National Arboretum in 1980. Derived from a crossing of the American hybrid 'Urban' with the Wilson's Elm cultivar 'Prospector', 'Patriot' was released to commerce, free of patent restrictions, in 1993. Tested in the US National Elm Trial coordinated by Colorado State University, 'Patriot' averaged a survival rate of 85% after 10 years.
Roberts Hall was the first building of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, built 1905–1906, and demolished July 1990. A second building of that name was built in 1990.
Peter Trowbridge is an American landscape architect, Emeritus Professor, and former Chair of Landscape Architecture at Cornell University
Structural Soil is a medium that can be compacted to pavement design and installation requirements while permitting root growth. It is a mixture of gap-graded gravels and soil. It provides an integrated, root penetrable, high strength pavement system that shifts design away from individual tree pits.
A root ball is the mass of roots and growing media at the base of a plant such as trees, shrubs, and other perennials and annual plants. The appearance and structure of the root ball will be largely dependent on the method of growing used in the production of the plant. The root ball of a container plant will be different than that of the field-harvested “ball and burlap” tree. The root ball is of particular significance in horticulture when plants are being planted or require repotting as, the quality, size, and preparation of the root ball will heavily determine how well the plant will survive being transplanted and re-establish in its new location.
A tree grate is a metallic grating installed at the same level with the pavement around a tree that allows the soil underneath to stay uncompacted and the pedestrians to walk near the tree without stepping on the soil. Grate slots allow tree roots to absorb air, sunlight, and water, meanwhile its soil is protected from pedestrian traffic impact. Tree grates create a protective barrier, providing uncompacted soil and development space for tree roots. They also serve as a decorative element along ceremonial streets, matching a street's design style and personality.
References
- ↑ "Nina Lauren Bassuk". CALS. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
- ↑ "Nina Lauren Bassuk". CALS. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
- ↑ Grabosky, Jason; Basset, Nina (Dec 15, 1998), Urban tree soil to safely increase rooting volumes , retrieved 2016-03-05
- ↑ Jean (2018-10-19). "Hybrid Oaks from Nina Bassuk/UHI Available to Communities in Spring 2019". New York State Urban Forestry Council. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- ↑ "Cornell CALS scientist tapped to preserve elm trees on the National Mall | CALS". cals.cornell.edu. 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- ↑ "Bassuk receives AHS Teaching Award". blogs.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
- ↑ Jean (2022-07-14). "The Nina Bassuk Retirement Interview". New York State Urban Forestry Council. Retrieved 2024-10-08.
- ↑ Trowbridge, Peter J; Bassuk, Nina (2004-01-01). Trees in the urban landscape: site assessment, design, and installation. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471392464. OCLC 52838419.
- ↑ "DR. NINA BASSUK RECEIVES 2015 ARBOR DAY AWARD." States News Service 6 Apr. 2015. Infotrac Newsstand. Web. 7 Mar. 2016.
