The Indus River is one of the longest rivers in Asia. Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, India towards the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan and the Hindukush ranges, and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh. It is the longest river and national river of Pakistan.
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation and road salt.
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, formerly University of Roorkee and Thomason College of Civil Engineering, is a public engineering university located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. Established in 1847 in British India by the then lieutenant governor, Sir James Thomason, it is the oldest technical institution in Asia. It was given university status in 1949 and was converted into an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in 2001, thus becoming the seventh IIT to be declared.
The Beas River is a river in north India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 470 kilometres (290 mi) to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab. Its total length is 470 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq mi) large.
The Ravi River is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region. The waters of Ravi are allocated to India under Indus Water Treaty.
The Sutlej River, is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as Satadree. It is addressed as Shatarudra by the Gorkhalis. It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River.
The Indira Gandhi Canal the longest canal of India. It starts from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab and terminates in irrigation facilities in the Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state. Previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, it was renamed the Indira Gandhi Canal on 2 November 1984 following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Salal Dam, also known as Salal Hydroelectric Power Station, is a run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The dam construction started after entering mutual agreement between India and Pakistan in 1978.
The sharing of the Ganges waters between India and Bangladesh over the appropriate allocation and development of the water resources of the Ganges River that flows from northern India into Bangladesh. The issue has remained a subject of conflict for almost 35 years, with several bilateral agreements and rounds of talks failing to produce results.
The environmental impacts of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the effects on natural and social conditions in river basins and downstream of an irrigation scheme. The impacts stem from the altered hydrological conditions caused by the installation and operation of the irrigation scheme.
The Permanent Indus Commission is a bilateral commission consisting of officials from India and Pakistan, created to implement and manage the goals and objectives and outlines of the Indus Waters Treaty. The commission maintains and exchanges data and co-operates between the two countries.
Kanwar Sen, also spelt as Rai Bahadur Kanwar Sain OBE (1899–1979) was a civil engineer from Rajasthan state in India. He was the chief engineer in the Bikaner state who came up with idea of Rajasthan Canal. He also successfully implemented Ganga canal project. He was considered a doyen of irrigation engineering of his time. He was born in 1899 in Tohana in Hisar district (Haryana). He was educated at D.A.V. College, Lahore. He graduated as a civil engineer from Thomason College of Civil Engineering, Roorkee in the year 1927 with hons. He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1956. He has written a book called -Reminiscences of an engineer. He was chairman of Central Water and Power Commission, Ministry of Irrigation and Power, Government of India. Kanwar sain and Karpov (1967) presented enveloping curves for Indian rivers.
The Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant is an $864 million run-of-the-river hydroelectric scheme that is designed to divert water from the Kishanganga River to a power plant in the Jhelum River basin. It is located 5 km (3 mi) north of Bandipore in Jammu and Kashmir, India and will have an installed capacity of 330 MW. Construction on the project began in 2007 and was expected to be complete in 2016. Construction on the dam was temporarily halted by the Hague's Permanent Court of Arbitration (CoA) in October 2011 due to Pakistan's protest of its effect on the flow of the Kishanganga River. In February 2013, the CoA ruled that India could divert all the water leaving a minimum amount of water to the downstream of the dam on Kishanganga River for the purpose of environmental flows. The CoA also ruled that India shall not lower/draw down the water level below the dead storage level for sediment flushing purpose. CoA also stipulated in its verdict that India shall maintain minimum environmental flows in the Kihanganga river at the line of control point not be less than 9 cumecs continuously. However, the minor differences between India and Pakistan over the project are still not settled. All the three units were commissioned and synchronized with the electricity grid by 30 March 2018. On 19 May 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Kishanganga hydropower project.
Ajudhia Nath Khosla was an Indian engineer and politician. He was the Chairman of the Central Waterways Irrigation and Navigation Commission of India.
Irrigation in India includes a network of major and minor canals from Indian rivers, groundwater well based systems, tanks, and other rainwater harvesting projects for agricultural activities. Of these groundwater system is the largest. In 2013-14, only about 47.7% of total agricultural land in India was reliably irrigated. The largest canal in India is Indira Gandhi Canal, which is about 650 km long. About 2/3rd cultivated land in India is dependent on monsoons. Irrigation in India helps improve food security, reduce dependence on monsoons, improve agricultural productivity and create rural job opportunities. Dams used for irrigation projects help produce electricity and transport facilities, as well as provide drinking water supplies to a growing population, control floods and prevent droughts.
Kamla Nath Sharma is a civil engineer from Rajasthan, India and an international expert in Hydrology, Water Resources, Irrigation & Drainage and Hydropower Engineering. He is also an author of research papers on scientific subjects involving water, environment, ecology etc. as contained in the ancient Indian literature like Vedas and Upanishads, and is a literary writer of stories and satires in Hindi language. Born in Jaipur, Rajasthan (India), he belongs to a renowned Sanskrit family from Andhra that migrated to Jaipur at the time of founding of the pink city of Jaipur. His father late Bhatt Mathuranath Shastri and elder brother Kala Nath Shastry are widely known Sanskrit scholars. He graduated in Civil Engineering from MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) and obtained Master of Engineering degree in Hydraulic Structures from Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. He travelled extensively throughout the world during his service tenure engaging in international dialogues, initiatives and specialised programs and contributing to the knowhow in the fields of hydrology, irrigation and drainage, flood management, etc.
The Ministry of Water Resources (Pakistan) is a Pakistan Government's federal and executive level ministry created on 4 August 2017 by then-Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. The ministry is headed by Pakistan Secretary of Water Resources. The ministry was created out of the Ministry of Water and Power, by depreciating the power division from the ministry, which was merged into the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources and converted into the Ministry of Energy.
Neeru Chadha is an Indian jurist who serves as a member of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). She previously served in various capacities for the Indian government's external affairs ministry including as the additional secretary and legal adviser heading its legal and treaties division.
