Bioremediation broadly refers to any process wherein a biological system, living or dead, is employed for removing environmental pollutants from air, water, soil, flue gasses, industrial effluents etc., in natural or artificial settings. The natural ability of organisms to adsorb, accumulate, and degrade common and emerging pollutants has attracted the use of biological resources in treatment of contaminated environment. In comparison to conventional physicochemical treatment methods bioremediation may offer advantages as it aims to be sustainable, eco-friendly, cheap, and scalable.
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation in which fungi-based remediation methods are used to decontaminate the environment. Fungi have been proven to be a cheap, effective and environmentally sound way for removing a wide array of contaminants from damaged environments or wastewater. These contaminants include heavy metals, organic pollutants, textile dyes, leather tanning chemicals and wastewater, petroleum fuels, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides and herbicides in land, fresh water, and marine environments.
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical substance. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapour from the contaminants, or from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting clean ups are time-consuming and expensive tasks, and require expertise in geology, hydrology, chemistry, computer modelling, and GIS in Environmental Contamination, as well as an appreciation of the history of industrial chemistry.
Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota, belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Rhodococcus erythropolis is an aerobic Gram-positive bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus. The name Rhodococcus erythropolis is derived from its morphogenetic cycle from branching to rod and to coccus morphology, which explains the series of morphological changes this bacterium undergoing during growth and development processes. These bacterium are found in red and orange colonies when observed this explains the species name erythropolis which means "red city" in Greek.
Salinarimonas ramus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum of the genus Salinarimonas, isolated from crude oil-contaminated saline soil of the Shengli Oilfield in China.
Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from dichloromethane contaminated soil in Volgograd in Russia. Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus can use dichloromethane, methanol, formate and formaldehyde for its metabolism.
Azotobacter salinestris is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium; its specific name, salinestris, comes from the Latin words salinus meaning saline and estris which means "living in". It can be found living in soil or marine habitats as single cells or in chains of six to eight cells. This organism is motile at younger stages, but loses its flagella at older stages. This species is known for its potential use in bioremediation.
Chryseobacterium hungaricum is a bacterium from the genus Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with hydrocarbon in Tököl in Hungary.
Dyadobacter is a genus of gram negative rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Spirosomaceae in the phylum Bacteroidota. Typical traits of the genus include yellow colony colour, positive flexirubin test and non-motile behaviours. They possess an anaerobic metabolism, can utilise a broad range of carbon sources, and test positive for peroxide catalase activity. The type species is Dyadobacter fermentans, which was isolated from surface sterilised maize leaves,.
Novosphingobium mathurense is a Gram-negative and halophilic bacterium from the genus Novosphingobium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Mathura in India.
Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Novosphingobium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with polychlorinated-dioxin in Japan. Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans has the ability to degrade naphthalene.
Novosphingobium panipatense is a Gram-negative and halophilic bacterium from the genus Novosphingobium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Panipat in India.
Parapedobacter indicus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from soil from a hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated dumpsite in Lucknow in India.
Pontibacter indicus is a bacterium from the genus Pontibacter which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with hexachlorocyclohexane in Lucknow in India.
Pontibacter ummariensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Pontibacter which has been isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soil in Lucknow in India.
Noviherbaspirillum is a genus of bacteria in the family of Oxalobacteraceae.
Synthetic microbial consortia or Synthetic microbial communities are multi-population systems that can contain a diverse range of microbial species, and are adjustable to serve a variety of industrial, ecological, and tautological interests. For synthetic biology, consortia take the ability to engineer novel cell behaviors to a population level.
Pararheinheimera mesophila is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Pararheinheimera which has been isolated from sandy soil which was contaminated with pesticide from Eloor in India.
