Noah Miller Glatfelter (1837-1911) was an American physician, genealogist, and amateur botanist and mycologist who lived in St. Louis, Missouri, between 1867 and 1911. He served as a surgeon for the Union Army during the American Civil War, and was in private practice as a physician from the 1870s to 1907. In retirement his interests turned to botany and mycology; seven fungi have been named for him.
Glatfelter[1] was born November 28, 1837, in York County, Pennsylvania. He began his schooling in Millersville, Pennsylvania, and taught mathematics in Lebanon. He also took an early interest in the natural sciences, taking a course in geology, and organizing a display cabinet of rocks and minerals for his school.[2] In 1862, he began his study of medicine under John Light Atlee, at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania on March 12, 1864, and was appointed as a medical cadet on March 30, and immediately after became an assistant surgeon.[3]
Assistant Surgeon Noah Miller Glatfelter, 1865
He was present at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg, and was stationed at various hospitals in the area of Washington, D.C., including being in charge of a 375-foot vessel named New World that was converted into a hospital ship.[4] The Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac was moved no less than four times in May and June 1864 while Glatfelter served with them.[5] This was an incredible feat, as the hospital served up to 10,000 men.
He married Mary Hegerty on March 23, 1865, and was then transferred to the Dakota Territory,[6] where he stayed until he was mustered out in 1867, with the brevet rank of major. After he was mustered out, Noah and Mary moved to the St. Louis area, living first at 3705 North Broadway.[7] In 1878 he owned a 25-acre farm located at the southeast corner of Gravois Road and Baptist Church road,[8] which he later sold to Christian Graedeke, who had also worked at his farm at one time.[9] He began his medical practice in the 1870s—his diploma was filed with the St. Louis County Court on September 17 of that year. His office was at 910 Salisbury Street,[10] which is presently a parking lot north of Highway 70. They had seven children, Lisbeth M., Florence May, Edith Edna, Alice Maud Mary, Herbert Spencer, Grace Agnes, and Eva Ethel.
Noah Miller Glatfelter and family, about 1885. From left to right: Florence May, Noah, Herbert Spencer, Lisbeth, Alice, Grace, Mary, and Edith.
In 1882, Glatfelter had 4 houses built on north fourteenth street, and lived at 4620. In 1883, fourteenth street was renamed twentieth street[11] and his address became 4720 N. 20th. He lived there for the rest of his life.
Glatfelter was a practicing physician until Mary's death in 1907, and occasionally did medical work for charity on behalf of the House of Bethany, as reflected in one of its journal entries:
(P. 33-34) "Yearly records of the House of Bethany continued from January 1st 1868 . . .Visited a sick soldier on 9th Street who lost his health while serving in the union army. His wife also was in poor health and their babe very sick and soon after died. During its illness they were cared for by the Sisters. Their rent was paid and food clothing and medical furnished. Dr. Parsons and afterwards Dr. Glatfelter gave their services free."
In the early 1890s he began his investigation of Salix (willow) species in the St. Louis area. His goal was to be able to classify willow by the venation on the leaves. He corresponded with botanists at Harvard, notably James Franklin Collins, Michael Shuck Bebb, Merritt Lyndon Fernald, Walter Deane and others. He has a willow hybrid named for him, Salix x glatfelteri.[13]
In 1899, he was awarded the scientific medal, 2nd class, by the Academie Internationale de Geographie Botanique, for his work on willows.[14]
In the late 1890s, his interests turned from botany to mycology, having gained interest in mushrooms through the membership of his daughter Lisbeth in the Boston Mycological Club, which was the first mushroom club organized in the United States. His primary correspondents were Curtis Gates Lloyd and Charles Horton Peck, and he met George F. Atkinson in 1903 at the St. Louis World's Fair. His collection of edible and poisonous mushrooms was part of the display of the Missouri Botanical Garden at the Fair.[15] He passed on local accounts of mushroom poisonings to Peck. He compiled a list of over 500 species of St. Louis area mushrooms, which was published in 1906.[16] His list of fungi was used as one of the sources for a checklist published by the Englemann Botanical Club in 1911.[17]
There remain seven fungi named for him in the Index Fungorum,[18] three of which are synonymous:
He also became the family historian, publishing in 1901 The Record of Casper Glatfelter of Glattfelden, canton Zurich, Switzerland, immigrant, 1743, and of His Descendants, comprising 861 families, in two volumes, and a third book, Supplement to the Casper Glattfelder Record, Embracing the Addition of 545 Families, in 1910.
He continued to collect specimens until 1911, in order to update his list for inclusion in the list of plants and fungi compiled by the Engelmann Botanical Club.
Glatfelter died on April 2, 1911, after a fall from a ladder, and is buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis with the rest of his family, with the exception of Herbert and Lisbeth.
Autobiographical sketch from 1910
"I, Noah Miller Glatfelter, was born Nov. 28 1837 in York Co. Pennsylvania. Now reside at 4720 No. 20th Street St. Louis Missouri. Son of Jonathan Glatfelter, farmer, and of Elizabeth Miller. Leaving Franklin and Marshall College sophomore year, read with Dr. John L. Atlee, Lancaster, Pa., entered the medical school of the University 1862, graduating 1864, then entered the army as assistant surgeon, U.S. volunteers. Mustered out Feb. 1867.
"Practiced my profession in and near St. Louis until about 4 years ago. Have paid some attention to Botany, especially to some researches on hybrid willow in the vicinity of Saint Louis, regarding which papers are published in journals devoted to Science. Of late years have been collecting the larger fungi about Saint Louis, a catalogue of which is published by the Academy of Science of Saint Louis of which I am a member.
"Was married to Miss Mary Hegarty at Phila. March 1865. Names of children Lisbeth, Florence May (d), Edith Edna, Alice Maud Mary, Grace Agnes (d), Eva Ethel (d), Herbert Spencer.
"Enjoy good health. Fall of 1858 had severe attack of acute inflammatory rheumatism, but since had no serious sickness of any kind -- having been laid up in bed but one day. 1899 saw YOUNG not 'Old Penn.'[19]
Publications
(1894) "A Study of The Venation of the Species of Salix Described in Gray's Manual, With Reference to Their Determination", Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report, Vol. 1894, pp.46–60
(1894) "A Study of the Relations of Salix nigra with S. amygdaloides and the Hybrids", Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science, Vol. VI, no. 13
(1895) "Salix wardii Bebb, A review and Relation to S. Nigra and S. amygdaloides", "Science", New Series, Vol. 2, No. 44, pp.582–584
(1896) "Relations of Salix missourienses, Bebb to S. cordata, Muhl.", Proceedings of the St. Louis Academy of Science, vol. VII, no. 58
(1901) "Record of Casper Glattfelder of Glattfelden, Canton Zurich, Switzerland, immigrant, 1743: and of his descendants, in part, comprising 861 families", Nixon-Jones Printing Company, St. Louis (2 volumes)
(1906) "A Preliminary list of higher fungi collected in the vicinity of St. Louis, Mo., from 1898 to 1905". Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. XVI, #4.
(1910) "Supplement to the Casper Glattfelder Record, Embracing the Addition of 545 Families", Nixon-Jones Printing Company, St. Louis
(1911) "A Preliminary Checklist of the Cryptogams and Phanerogams In The Vicinity of Saint Louis, Missouri," published by the Engelmann Botanical Club. (post-mortem)
Willows, also called sallows and osiers, of the genus Salix, comprise around 350 species of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions.
William Alphonso Murrill was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG). He, along with the NYBG, founded the journal Mycologia and was its first editor for 16 years. Murrill was known to travel extensively to describe the mycota of Europe and the Americas. He traveled along the East Coast, Pacific Coast, Mexico and the Caribbean. Although Murrill was a very influential person at the NYBG, having worked his way up to become assistant director in 1908, his rather eccentric personality caused problems with his job. He went on annual collecting trips to Mexico, the Caribbean, Europe, and South America, sometimes, without informing any of his colleagues prior. These trips resulted in a cumulative total of 70,000 specimens, 1,400 of which are deposited in the NYBG. Murrill might have issued an exsiccata series under the title Polyporaceae of North America.
Benjamin Minge Duggar was an American plant physiologist. Surprisingly, he is best remembered for his contribution to another discipline, through his discovery in 1945 of chlortetracycline (Aureomycin), the first of the tetracycline antibiotics, from a soil bacterium growing in allotment soil.
Inocybe geophylla, commonly known as the earthy inocybe, common white inocybe or white fibercap, is a poisonous mushroom of the genus Inocybe. It is widespread and common in Europe and North America, appearing under both conifer and deciduous trees in summer and autumn. The fruiting body is a small all-white or cream mushroom with a fibrous silky umbonate cap and adnexed gills. An all-lilac variety lilacina is also common.
Michael Schuck Bebb was an American systematic botanist in the 19th century with a reputation as the leading salicologist in both America and Europe. His extensive work on the genus Salix led to several plants being named in his honour.
Polyozellus is a fungal genus in the family Thelephoraceae, a grouping of mushrooms known collectively as the leathery earthfans. Previously considered a monotypic genus, it now contains the Polyozellus multiplex species complex. The genus name is derived from the Greek poly meaning many, and oz, meaning branch. It is commonly known as the blue chanterelle, the clustered blue chanterelle, bluefan, or, in Alaska, the black chanterelle. The distinctive fruit body of this species comprises blue- to purple-colored clusters of vase- or spoon-shaped caps with veiny wrinkles on the undersurface that run down the length of the stem.
Gertrude Simmons Burlingham was an early 20th-century mycologist best known for her work on American Russula and Lactarius and pioneering the use of microscopic spore features and iodine staining for species identification.
Salix geyeriana is a species of willow known by the common names Geyer's willow, Geyer willow and silver willow. The type specimen was collected by the botanist Karl Andreas Geyer, for whom it was named. Its conspicuous, yellow flowers begin to bloom as early as March, to as late as the end of June.
Boletellus ananas, commonly known as the pineapple bolete, is a mushroom in the family Boletaceae, and the type species of the genus Boletellus. It is distributed in southeastern North America, northeastern South America, Asia, and New Zealand, where it grows scattered or in groups on the ground, often at the base of oak and pine trees. The fruit body is characterized by the reddish-pink scales on the cap that are often found hanging from the edge. The pore surface on the underside of the cap is made of irregular or angular pores up to 2 mm wide that bruise a blue color. It is yellow when young but ages to a deep olive-brown color. Microscopically, B. ananas is distinguished by large spores with cross striae on the ridges and spirally encrusted hyphae in the marginal appendiculae and flesh of the stem. Previously known as Boletus ananas and Boletus coccinea, the species was given its current name by William Alphonso Murrill in 1909. Two varieties of Boletellus ananas have been described. Like many other boletes, this species is considered edible, but it is not recommended for consumption.
Carlo Luigi Spegazzini, in Spanish Carlos Luis Spegazzini, was an Italian-born Argentinian botanist and mycologist.
Tylopilus alboater, called the black velvet bolete, by some, is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The species is found in North America east of the Rocky Mountains, and in eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. A mycorrhizal species, it grows solitarily, scattered, or in groups on the ground usually under deciduous trees, particularly oak, although it has been recorded from deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests.
Volvopluteus earlei is a species of mushroom in the family Pluteaceae. It was originally described in 1911 by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill as Volvariopsis earlei, based on collections made in a Cuban banana field. The fungus was later shuffled to the genera Volvaria and Volvariella before molecular studies placed it in Volvopluteus, a genus newly described in 2011.
Lepiota maculans is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It was originally collected in Missouri, and then 105 years later in eastern Tennessee. It is the only member of Lepiota known to have a pink spore print instead of the usual white or cream color. The fruit bodies have caps up to 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter, with brownish, sparsely scaled centers. The gills are closely spaced, not attached to the stipe, and discolor reddish at the edges.
Lee Oras Overholts was an American mycologist known for his expertise on polypore fungi.
Léon Louis Rolland was a French mycologist.
Salix balfouriana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with reddish black and tomentose hairy young twigs and up to 8 leaf blades, rarely 18 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.
Salix caspica is a plant from the willow genus (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae). The natural range extends from eastern European Russia to far western China.
Salix cavaleriei is a large tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with a gray-brown, furrowed bark. The leaf blades have lengths of 4 to 11 centimetres. The natural range of the species is in China. It is planted for logging and for fastening embankments.
Salix characta is a shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially downy hairy branches. The leaf blades have lengths of 3.5 to sometimes 7 centimeters. The natural range of the species is in China.
Leucocoprinus minimus is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.
References
↑ Many of these facts were found in a short biography which prefaces "Letters From The Dakota Territory, 1865,"from the "Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society", Volume XVIII, Number 2 (1962)
↑ Lebanon, Pa., Advisor, August 1, 1860, front page
↑ Missouri History Museum Library and Research Center, A0588 Glatfelter Family. Papers 1854-1924. 5 folders (approximately 100 items), and A193 Glatfelter, Noah Miller (1837-1911). Papers, 1862-1865. 18 items
↑ Memorial of Edward B. Dalton, M. D. (chief of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac), New York, 1872. This contains a map of the movements of the hospital, and Noah Glatfelter appears on the organizational chart of the Second Field Hospital.
↑ Second Civil War diary of Noah Glatfelter, provided by the family
↑ Pitzman's Atlas of the City and County of St. Louis, A. H. Holcombe and Co., 1878. His farm was just south of Grant's Farm
↑ "Atlas of St. Louis County", Berkley E. Johnson, C. R. Black, St. Louis, 1893
↑ Sanborn insurance maps, St. Louis, 1903-1916, University of Missouri Digital Library
↑ St. Louis City Ordinance #12454, dated March 27, 1883: "…"Section 1. The names of the streets and avenues mentioned in this ordinace are hereby changed as follows: . . . Fourteenth street between Braden Street and College avenue to Twentieth street. . . .,"
↑ St. Louis Post Dispatch, Feb. 22, 1891: "The clergy are represented by Revs. S. J. Nicolls, ... and the medical and dental professions by Drs. Chas. H. Hughes, ... (and) N. M. Glatfelter ..."
↑ Bulletin de la Academie de Geographie Botanique, no. 117-188, September, 1899
↑ Sixteenth Annual Report of the Director, William Trelease, Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report , Vol. 1905, (1905), pp. Page 29-30: "Some time before the opening of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the authorities of Mill Hill School, near London,-- at which Henry Shaw was entered as a pupil on March 25, 1815, as I learn from Professor J. D. Butler,-- sent over a number of photographs illustrating the school and its surroundings and faculty, with the request that these be combined with the exhibit of the Garden founded by Mr. Shaw. "By direction of the Garden Trustees this was done, the Garden exhibit itself consisting in a portrait of its founder, a series of photographs illustrating planting and methods of gardening instruction, water-color sketches by Mrs. Vieh of several striking plants in the living collections,a full series of the Garden publications, showing its development and scientific activity during the fifteen years of its existence under the care of the Trustees, and a collection of edible and poisonous mushrooms which occur about St. Louis, contributed by Dr. N. M. Glatfelter."
↑ "A Preliminary list of higher fungi collected in the vicinity of St. Louis, Mo., from 1898 to 1905", Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. XVI, #4, 1906
↑ "A Preliminary Checklist of the Cryptogams and Phanerogams In The Vicinity of Saint Louis, Missouri," Engelmann Botanical Club, 1911
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