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Compost is a mixture of ingredients used to fertilize and improve the soil. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste and recycling organic materials. The resulting mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as worms and fungal mycelium. Compost improves soil fertility in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, urban agriculture, and organic farming, reducing dependency on commercial chemical fertilizers. The benefits of compost include providing nutrients to crops as fertilizer, acting as a soil conditioner, increasing the humus or humic acid contents of the soil, and introducing beneficial colonies of microbes that help to suppress pathogens in the soil.
Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria. It is one of several bacteria belonging to the Deinococcota phylum. Thermus species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of eight conserved signature indels (CSIs) found in proteins such as adenylate kinase and replicative DNA helicase as well as 14 conserved signature proteins (CSPs) that are exclusively shared by members of this genus.
Geobacillus toebii is a thermophilic bacterium first isolated from hay compost. It is aerobic, Gram-positive, motile and rod-shaped, with type strain SK-1(T).
Caminibacter profundus is a species of moderately thermophilic, microaerobic to anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium. It is a Gram-negative, non-motile rod, with type strain CRT.
Nocardiopsis alba is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a patient.
Nocardiopsis alkaliphila is an alkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from Egypt. Nocardiopsis alkaliphila produces nocardiopyrone A, nocardiopyrone B and pyridinols.
Nocardiopsis ansamitocini is an alkalitolerant bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from the Xinjiang province in China. Nocardiopsis ansamitocini produces ansamitocin P-3.
Nocardiopsis composta is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a composting facility in Germany.
Nocardiopsis fildesensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from the Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station on the King George Island.
Nocardiopsis litoralis is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a sea anemone from the South China Sea near the Naozhou Island in China.
Nocardiopsis nikkonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from compost soil in Nikko in Japan.
Nocardiopsis terrae is a Gram-positive, halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic and obligately aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil from the Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai Province in China.
Thermomyces lanuginosus is a species of thermophilic fungus that belongs to Thermomyces, a genus of hemicellulose degraders. It is classified as a deuteromycete and no sexual form has ever been observed. It is the dominant fungus of compost heaps, due to its ability to withstand high temperatures and use complex carbon sources for energy. As the temperature of compost heaps rises and the availability of simple carbon sources decreases, it is able to out compete pioneer microflora. It plays an important role in breaking down the hemicelluloses found in plant biomass due to the many hydrolytic enzymes that it produces, such as lipolase, amylase, xylanase, phytase, and chitinase. These enzymes have chemical, environmental, and industrial applications due to their hydrolytic properties. They are used in the food, petroleum, pulp and paper, and animal feed industries, among others. A few rare cases of endocarditis due to T. lanuginosus have been reported in humans.
Planifilum is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.
Planifilum composti is a thermophilic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from compost in Korea.
Thermasporomyces composti is a Gram-positive and thermophilic bacterium from the genus Thermasporomyces which has been isolated from compost on Japan.
Caloranaerobacter is a Gram-negative, thermophilic, anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae.
Compostibacillus is a Gram-positive, moderately thermophilic rod-shaped, and spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species. Compostibacillus humi has been isolated from sludge compost from Guangdong in China.
Ureibacillus composti is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Ureibacillus which has been isolated from livestock-manure compost from Ichon in South Korea.
Malbranchea cinnamomea is a thermophilic fungus belonging to the order Onygenales. This ascomycete fungi is often isolated from higher-temperature environments. It is naturally found in composting soil and has the capability of degrading plant biomass. M. cinnamonea has biochemical relevance, as it produces a quinone antibiotic named malbranicin, as well as thermostable enzymes, such as alpha-glucosidases, xylanases, alpha-amylases, and glucanases.
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