Norea

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Norea is a figure in Gnostic cosmology. She plays a prominent role in two surviving texts from the Nag Hammadi library. In Hypostasis of the Archons , she is the daughter of Adam and Eve and sister of Seth. She sets fire to Noah's Ark and receives a divine revelation from the Luminary Eleleth. In Thought of Norea , she "extends into prehistory" [1] as "she assumes the features here of the fallen Sophia." [2] In Mandean literature, she is instead identified as the wife of either Noah or Shem. [3] She is also sometimes said to be the syzygy of Adam.[ citation needed ]

Contents

Birger A. Pearson identifies her as "a feminine counterpart to Seth, just as Eve is the 'female counterpart' to Adam," [4] and Roel van den Broek refers to her as "on the one hand [...] a saviour figure and on the other the prototype of the saved gnostic." [5]

Names and associations

According to Epiphanius of Salamis, the Borborites identified Norea with Pyrrha, the wife of Deucalion (a Greek figure similar to Noah). He suggested that the name Norea was a mistranslation of Pyrrha based on an assumed connection with nura, Syriac for "fire". [6] [7]

Elsewhere, Epiphanius says that the Sethians identify Seth's wife as Horaia, almost certainly another name for Norea. [8] [9] [10] Birger Pearson argues that Norea is based on the Jewish legend of Naamah, and that the name Norea derives from Horaia (meaning "beautiful", "pleasant", or "lovely"), the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew name Naamah. According to Jewish legend, Naamah married Seth, opposed construction of the ark, and was sexually involved with angelic beings, characteristics shared by Norea in Hypostasis. [11] However, Pearson notes that "her role as a seductress of the 'sons of God' has [...] been transposed in the gnostic literature, in a typically gnostic hermeneutical inversion." [12] Pearson also argues that Noba, named as a daughter of Adam and Eve in the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, is a corrupted Latin translation of Norea. [11]

Ross Kraemer draws comparisons between Norea and Aseneth as described in Joseph and Aseneth. Both are virgins who resemble or are linked to divine female beings, receive heavenly revelations, and help others find salvation. She suggests that the stories around Norea may have developed in a Jewish community "characterized by the presence and public activity of women not unlike Norea and Aseneth." [13]

In Hypostasis, Norea is given the epithet "The virgin whom no power has defiled". This same phrase is applied to Mary in the Gospel of Philip, another Nag Hammadi text. [14]

In Gnostic literature

In The Hypostasis of the Archons (The Reality of the Rulers), Norea is the daughter of Eve and the younger sister of Seth; both are members of the pure race. The archons decide to destroy the world with a deluge, but their leader, the Demiurge, warns Noah to build an ark, which Norea tries to board. Noah stops her, so she blows upon the ark and sets it ablaze. The rulers try to rape her, but she cries to the God of the Entirety for help. The angel Eleleth appears and frightens the rulers away before revealing her origins; she is a child of the spirit.

On the Origin of the World refers to an Account of Oraia and the First Book of Noraia. These books were not preserved in the Nag Hammadi library.

Epiphanius of Salamis summarizes a book called Noria in the Panarion (Against Heresies) (26.1.3-9). According to this summary, she burned Noah's Ark three times, then revealed the means of recovering stolen sparks through sexual emissions. [15] It is unknown whether this is one of the books mentioned in Origin.

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On the Origin of the World is a Gnostic work dealing with creation and the end time. It was found among the texts in the Nag Hammadi library, in Codex II and Codex XIII, immediately following the Reality of the Rulers. There are many parallels between the two texts. The work is untitled; modern scholars call it “On the Origin of the World” based on its contents. It may have been written in Alexandria near the end of the third century, based on its combination of Jewish, Manichaean, Christian, Greek, and Egyptian ideas. The unknown author's audience appears to be outsiders who are unfamiliar with the Gnostic view of how the world came into being. The contents provide an alternate interpretation of Genesis, in which the dark ruler Yaldabaoth created heaven and earth, and a wise instructor opened the minds of Adam and Eve to the truth when they ate from the Tree of Knowledge.

Hypsiphrone is Codex XI, Tractate 4 of the Nag Hammadi writings, named from the translation of a Greek feminine name word 'Hypsiphrone' or 'Hupsiph[rone]' rendered as she of high mind. The text is highly fragmentary, and only parts of several paragraphs have survived.

Archons, in Gnosticism and religions closely related to it, are the builders of the physical universe. Among the Archontics, Ophites, Sethians and in the writings of Nag Hammadi library, the archons are rulers, each related to one of seven planets; they prevent souls from leaving the material realm. The political connotation of their name reflects rejection of the governmental system, as flawed without chance of true salvation. In Manichaeism, the archons are the rulers of a realm within the "Kingdom of Darkness", who together make up the Prince of Darkness. In The Reality of the Rulers, the physical appearance of Archons is described as hermaphroditic, with their faces being those of beasts.

Melchizedek is the first tractate from Codex IX of the Nag Hammadi Library. It is a Gnostic work that features the Biblical figure Melchizedek. The text is fragmentary and highly damaged. The original text was 750 lines; of these, only 19 are complete, and 467 are fragmentary. The remaining 264 lines have been lost from the damage to the text. Like much of Nag Hammadi, the text was likely used by Gnostic Christians in Roman Egypt. It makes reference to Seth, suggesting it may have been used in Sethianism, a school of Gnosticism. The date it was written is unknown; all that can be said is that it was created during the period of early Christianity, presumably at some point during the 3rd century.

In Sethian Gnosticism, a luminary is an angel-like being. Four luminaries are typically listed in Sethian Gnostic texts, such as the Secret Book of John, the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, and Zostrianos. The luminaries are considered to be emanations of the supreme divine triad consisting of the Father, the Mother (Barbelo), and the Child (Autogenes). Listed from highest to lowest hierarchical order, they are:

  1. Harmozel
  2. Oroiael
  3. Daveithe
  4. Eleleth

References

  1. ↑ Pearson 1988, p. 271.
  2. ↑ van den Broek 2013, p. 68.
  3. ↑ Bullard 1970, p. 98.
  4. ↑ Pearson 1988, p. 267.
  5. ↑ van den Broek 2013, p. 55.
  6. ↑ Bullard 1970, p. 96.
  7. ↑ Epiphanius 2009, p. 90.
  8. ↑ Epiphanius 2009, p. 279.
  9. ↑ Bullard 1970, p. 95.
  10. ↑ Pearson 1990, p. 62.
  11. 1 2 Pearson 1990, p. 91.
  12. ↑ Pearson 1988, p. 266.
  13. ↑ Kraemer, Ross (1988). "A Response to Virginity and Subversion". In King, Karen (ed.). Images of the Feminine in Gnosticism (1st Trinity Press International ed.). Harrisburg: Trinity Press International. p. 263.
  14. ↑ Bullard 1970, p. 93.
  15. ↑ Epiphanius 2009, p. 91.

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