Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, also known as zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (Zp-3) or the sperm receptor, is a ZP module-containing protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP3 gene. ZP3 is the glycoprotein in the zona pellucida most important for inducting the acrosome reaction of sperm cells at the beginning of fertilization.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked , also known as USP9Y, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the USP9Y gene. It is required for sperm production. This enzyme is a member of the peptidase C19 family and is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases, which cleave the ubiquitin moiety from ubiquitin-fused precursors and ubiquitinylated proteins.
Homeobox A4, also known as HOXA4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HOXA4 gene.
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3-like is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNMT3L gene.
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene.
Sperm-associated antigen 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPAG5 gene.
Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP2 gene.
Homeobox protein Hox-D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXD1 gene.
Cystatin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST8 gene.
Acrosomal protein SP-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACRV1 gene.
Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the ZFX gene of the X chromosome.
Kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF5C gene.
Outer dense fiber protein 2, also known as cenexin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ODF2 gene.
UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UAP1 gene.
SUN domain-containing protein 5, formerly known as sperm-associated antigen 4-like protein (SPAGL4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUN5 gene.
Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the PMFBP1 gene.
Histone H1oo is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H1FOO gene.
NLRP9, short for NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 9, is an intracellular protein that is expressed in the ovaries, testes, oocytes, and preimplantation embryos of mammals that is likely involved in reproductive processes. It is also known as NALP9, NOD6, PAN12, and CLR19.1, and is one of 14 pyrin domain containing members of the NOD-like receptor family of cytoplasmic receptors.
Glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx-5), also known as epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX5 gene.
HOOK is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. This family consists of several HOOK1, 2 and 3 proteins from different eukaryotic organisms. The different members of the human gene family are HOOK1, HOOK2 and HOOK3. Different domains have been identified in the three human HOOK proteins, and it was demonstrated that the highly conserved N-terminal domain mediates attachment to microtubules, whereas the central coiled coil motif mediates homodimerisation and the more divergent C-terminal domains are involved in binding to specific organelles. It has been demonstrated that endogenous HOOK3 binds to Golgi membranes, whereas both HOOK1 and HOOK2 are localised to discrete but unidentified cellular structures. In mice the Hook1 gene is predominantly expressed in the testis. Hook1 function is necessary for the correct positioning of microtubular structures within the haploid germ cell. Disruption of Hook1 function in mice causes abnormal sperm head shape and fragile attachment of the flagellum to the sperm head.
