Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may negatively affect health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Gastric bypass surgery refers to a technique in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both. Surgeons have developed several different ways to reconnect the intestine, thus leading to several different gastric bypass procedures (GBP). Any GBP leads to a marked reduction in the functional volume of the stomach, accompanied by an altered physiological and physical response to food.
Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity.
A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. Carbohydrates may be entirely absent, or substituted for a portion of the protein; this choice has important metabolic effects. Medically supervised VLCDs have specific therapeutic applications for rapid weight loss, such as in morbid obesity or before a bariatric surgery, using formulated, nutritionally complete liquid meals containing 800 kilocalories or less per day for a maximum of 12 weeks.
The International Journal of Surgery (IJS), formerly known as The Journal of Surgery, is a peer-reviewed medical journal of surgery established in 2003. The journal has been published by Elsevier since 2005. The journal is affiliated with the Association of Surgeons in Training, the New York Surgical Society and with the Chinese chapter of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. The journal is published monthly, and articles become open-access after an embargo period of 12 months.
Bariatric surgery is the medical term for a variety of procedures dealing with obesity. Long term weight loss through the standard of care procedures is largely achieved by altering gut hormone levels responsible for hunger and satiety, leading to a new hormonal weight set point. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment causing weight loss and reducing complications of obesity.
The International Journal of Obesity is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Nature Publishing Group. It was established in 1977 as International Journal of Obesity by Newman Pub. in collaboration with the Association for the Study of Obesity and the North American Association for the Study of Obesity. In 1992, the journal change its name to International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders upon acquisition by the Nature Publishing Group. In 2005, the journal returned to its original name.
According to 2007 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), Australia has the third-highest prevalence of overweight adults in the English-speaking world. Obesity in Australia is an "epidemic" with "increasing frequency." The Medical Journal of Australia found that obesity in Australia more than doubled in the two decades preceding 2003, and the unprecedented rise in obesity has been compared to the same health crisis in America. The rise in obesity has been attributed to poor eating habits in the country closely related to the availability of fast food since the 1970s, sedentary lifestyles and a decrease in the labour workforce.
White hat bias (WHB) is a purported "bias leading to the distortion of information in the service of what may be perceived to be righteous ends", which consist of both cherry picking the evidence and publication bias. Public health researchers David Allison and Mark Cope first discussed this bias in a 2010 paper and explained the motivation behind it in terms of "righteous zeal, indignation toward certain aspects of industry", and other factors.
The Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published in English covering orthopaedic surgery, especially related to sports trauma and surgeries, in particular arthroscopies.
The Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering orthopedic surgery related to the shoulder, elbow, and upper extremities. It is the official journal of multiple shoulder and elbow societies, including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, the European Society for Surgery of Shoulder and Elbow, the Japan Shoulder Society, the Shoulder and Elbow Society of Australia, the South American Shoulder and Elbow Society, the South African Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, the Asian Shoulder Association, the Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society, the International Congress of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and the American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists.
Obesity Reviews is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal, established in 2000, which publishes reviews on all obesity-related disciplines. It is the official journal of the World Obesity Federation and published on their behalf by Wiley-Blackwell. The editor-in-chief is David A. York.
Obesity is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research into obesity. It was established in 1993 under the name Obesity Research, obtaining its current name in 2006. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Obesity Society, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Eric Ravussin. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 5.002.
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of traumatic injuries. It was established in 1961 as the Journal of Trauma by Williams & Wilkins, obtaining its current name in 2012. The journal is currently published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and is the official journal of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, the Trauma Association of Canada, and the Western Trauma Association. The editor-in-chief is Ernest E. Moore.
Pradeep Kumar Chowbey is an Indian surgeon, known for laparoscopic and bariatric surgeries. He is the incumbent Executive vice chairman of the Max Healthcare, Chairman of the Minimal Access, Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery and Allied Surgical Specialities of the Max Healthcare Institute, New Delhi. He is the founder of the Minimal Access, Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery Centre at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi and has served as the Honorary Surgeon to the President of India, Dalai Lama and the Indian Armed Forces (AFMS). The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2002.
The World Journal of Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in the field of surgery. It was established in 1977 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of the International Society of Surgery, of which it is the official journal. Since July 2004, the editor-in-chief has been John G. Hunter. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 2.642.
The Journal of Pediatric Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering pediatric surgery. It was established in 1966 and is published by Elsevier. It is the official journal of the Section on Surgery of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons, the American Pediatric Surgical Association, the Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons, and the Pacific Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The editor-in-chief is G.W. Holcomb III, MD. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.733.
Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering the use of surgery to treat obesity and related medical conditions. It was established in 2005 and is published by Elsevier. It is the official journal of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, the Brazilian Society for Bariatric Surgery, and the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Cirujanos Endoscopistas. The editors-in-chief are Harvey Sugerman and Raul J. Rosenthal. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.496.
