The Shapley value is a solution concept in cooperative game theory. It was named in honor of Lloyd Shapley, who introduced it in 1951 and won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for it in 2012. To each cooperative game it assigns a unique distribution of a total surplus generated by the coalition of all players. The Shapley value is characterized by a collection of desirable properties. Hart (1989) provides a survey of the subject.
Runs created (RC) is a baseball statistic invented by Bill James to estimate the number of runs a hitter contributes to their team.
A box score is a structured summary of the results from a sport competition. The box score lists the game score as well as individual and team achievements in the game.
John Hollinger is the former Vice President of Basketball Operations for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and current Senior NBA columnist at The Athletic. Prior to December 2012, he was an analyst and writer for ESPN, primarily covering the NBA. Hollinger grew up in Mahwah, New Jersey, and is a 1993 graduate of the University of Virginia.
The player efficiency rating (PER) is John Hollinger's all-in-one basketball rating, which attempts to collect or boil down all of a player's contributions into one number. Using a detailed formula, Hollinger developed a system that rates every player's statistical performance.
In sports, a winning percentage or Copeland score is the fraction of games or matches a team or individual has won. The statistic is commonly used in standings or rankings to compare teams or individuals. It is defined as wins divided by the total number of matches played. A draw counts as a 1⁄2 win.
This glossary of basketball terms is a list of definitions of terms used in the game of basketball. Like any other major sport, basketball features its own extensive vocabulary of unique words and phrases used by players, coaches, sports journalists, commentators, and fans.
Statistics in basketball are kept to evaluate a player's or a team's performance.
The following terms are used in water polo. Rules below reflect the latest FINA Water Polo Rules.
Total offense is a gridiron football statistic representing the total number of yards rushing and yards passing by a player or team. Total offense differs from yards from scrimmage, which gives credit for passing yardage to the person receiving the football rather than the person throwing the football. In football, progress is measured by advancing the football towards the opposing team's goal line. The team on offense can make progress during the play by advancing the ball from the line of scrimmage.
The 1977–78 NBA season was the team's 17th season in the NBA and their 5th season in the city of Washington, D.C. It would prove to be their most successful season, as they would win their first and only NBA championship as of 2024. In the NBA Finals, they defeated the Seattle SuperSonics in seven games.
The 1974–75 Washington Bullets played in their 14th season, 2nd in the Washington, D.C. area, and first under the Washington Bullets name. The franchise changed their name from the Capital Bullets to the Washington Bullets. The franchise captured its 6th division title in 7 years by posting a franchise best record of 60–22. The Bullets were nearly unbeatable at home posting a record of 36–5 at the Capital Centre. The Bullets won their second Eastern Conference title, but similar to their 1971 appearance, were swept in the NBA Finals in four games, this time by the Golden State Warriors. The Bullets had the best team defensive rating in NBA history (91.3).
The 1973–74 Capital Bullets season was the team's first in Washington, D.C. area, southwest from nearby Baltimore. Prior to the 1973–74 season, the Baltimore Bullets relocated to Landover, Maryland, a suburb east of Washington, and became the Capital Bullets. It was also their only season under the Capital Bullets name.
In professional basketball, the most commonly used statistical benchmark for comparing the overall value of players is called efficiency. It is a composite basketball statistic that is derived from basic individual statistics: points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, turnovers, and shot attempts. In theory, efficiency accounts for both a player's offensive contributions and their defensive contributions, but it is generally thought that efficiency ratings favor offense-oriented players over those who specialize in defense, as defense is difficult to quantify with currently tabulated statistics.
The IBM Award was an award given out to National Basketball Association players from 1984 to 2002. The award was sponsored and calculated by technology company IBM and was determined by a computer formula, which measured a player's statistical contribution to his team. The player with the best contribution to his team in the league received the award. The first recipient was Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers, and the final recipient was Tim Duncan of the San Antonio Spurs.
Performance Index Rating (PIR) is a basketball mathematical statistical formula that is used by the Euroleague Basketball Company's first and second tier competitions, the EuroLeague and the EuroCup, as well as various European national domestic and regional leagues. It is a part of the Tendex basketball rating system. It is also variously referred to as Performance Index Ranking, Rating, Ranking, Evaluation, Valuation, and Efficiency. It is similar to, but not exactly the same as, the NBA's Efficiency (EFF) stat.
In basketball, true shooting percentage is an advanced statistic that measures a player's efficiency at shooting the ball. It is intended to more accurately calculate a player's shooting than field goal percentage, free throw percentage, and three-point field goal percentage taken individually. Two- and three-point field goals and free throws are all considered in its calculation. It is abbreviated TS%.
Network Science based basketball analytics comprise a various recent attempts to apply the perspective of networks to the analysis of basketball.
In basketball, effective field goal percentage is a statistic that adjusts field goal percentage to account for the fact that three-point field goals count for three points, while all other field goals only count for two points. Its goal is to show what field goal percentage a two-point shooter would have to shoot at to match the output of a player who also shoots three-pointers.
The Tendex system is a basketball mathematical statistical formula that was created by sports writer Dave Heeren, in order to determine the playing efficiency of basketball players. It is generally accepted as the original weighted advanced stat formula used in the sport of basketball.
