Olivia Judson

Last updated

Olivia Judson
Born1970 (age 5253)
Other namesDr. Tatiana
Alma mater
Known for Dr Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation
Scientific career
Institutions
Thesis Parasites, sex and genetic variation in a model metapopulation  (1994)
Doctoral advisor W. D. Hamilton [1]
Website www.drtatiana.com

Olivia P. Judson (born 1970) is a British evolutionary biologist and science writer. She is a former journalist for The Economist , a former online columnist for The New York Times and has published in a number of other publications, including National Geographic , The Atlantic and the Financial Times . Judson was a fellow of the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study in 2010–2011, [2] and a Guggenheim fellow in 2020. [3]

Contents

Education

Judson is the daughter of science historian Horace Freeland Judson, and was a pupil of W. D. Hamilton. [1] She graduated from Stanford University and gained a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Oxford. [4]

Career

Judson has published at least 10 articles and three commentaries in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Nature , Science and The Lancet . [5]

Beginning in 1995 Judson worked for two years as a science writer for The Economist and she later joined Imperial College London, where she is now an honorary research fellow. In 1997, she wrote an Economist article named "Sex Is War!" which was awarded the Glaxo Wellcome Prize by the British Science Writers Association. [1]

Her first book, Dr Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation (2002), grew out of that article. Written in the style of a sex-advice column to animals, the book details the variety of sexual practices in the natural world and provides the reader with an overview of the evolutionary biology of sex. The book was praised by critics as being witty and engaging, without compromising its scientific integrity. It became an international best-seller, translated into 16 languages and was nominated for the Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction in 2003. [1] [6]

Judson has also worked as a television presenter. In 2004 she played Dr Tatiana in an adaptation of her book; the series was produced by Wag TV and EPI Productions for Channel 4 and Discovery Canada. In 2007 she co-presented Animal Farm with Giles Coren; the series, which explored genetic modification and pharming, was produced by Lion Television for Channel 4.

Judson is a former online columnist for The New York Times . In January 2008, she began writing a weekly blog on evolutionary biology, titled "The Wild Side", for The New York Times website. For the first half of 2009, guest bloggers filled in for Judson while she worked on a new book project; [7] after returning to the job for a year, she then departed for a "sabbatical" from blogging beginning June 29, 2010. [8] In 2014, after a four-year hiatus, she did a series of eight blogs about bereavement, memory, and the emptying of a family home. [9]

In 2009, she appeared in an episode of PBS's Nova called "What Darwin Never Knew" which discussed DNA connections to evolution.

Judson has supported a possible future campaign to completely wipe out a species of mosquito which carries dengue fever. [10]

Judson has published articles in National Geographic magazine, on Mount Erebus in 2012, [11] on cassowaries in 2013, [12] on bioluminescence in 2015, [13] and on octopuses in 2016. [14]

In 2018 Judson was appointed journalist-in-residence at the Max Planck Institute for History of Science in Berlin. It was announced that she would be researching science in St. Petersburg in the 1880s and working on a new book, 'a history of life and Earth, aimed at a general audience'. [15]

In an article she published in Nature Ecology and Evolution in 2017, Judson is listed as working at Freie Universität Berlin, Imperial College London and University of Glasgow. [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darwinism</span> Theory of biological evolution

Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley coined the term Darwinism in April 1860.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reproduction</span> Biological process by which new organisms are generated from one or more parent organisms

Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evolutionary biology</span> Study of the processes that produced the diversity of life

Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change over generations. In a population, the genetic variations affect the phenotypes of an organism. These changes in the phenotypes will be an advantage to some organisms, which will then be passed onto their offspring. Some examples of evolution in species over many generations are the peppered moth and flightless birds. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biology emerged through what Julian Huxley called the modern synthesis of understanding, from previously unrelated fields of biological research, such as genetics and ecology, systematics, and paleontology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evolution of sexual reproduction</span> How sexually reproducing multicellular organisms could have evolved from a common ancestor species

Sexual reproduction is an adaptive feature which is common to almost all multicellular organisms and various unicellular organisms. Currently, the adaptive advantage of sexual reproduction is widely regarded as a major unsolved problem in biology. As discussed below, one prominent theory is that sex evolved as an efficient mechanism for producing variation, and this had the advantage of enabling organisms to adapt to changing environments. Another prominent theory, also discussed below, is that a primary advantage of outcrossing sex is the masking of the expression of deleterious mutations. Additional theories concerning the adaptive advantage of sex are also discussed below. Sex does, however, come with a cost. In reproducing asexually, no time nor energy needs to be expended in choosing a mate and, if the environment has not changed, then there may be little reason for variation, as the organism may already be well-adapted. However, very few environments have not changed over the millions of years that reproduction has existed. Hence it is easy to imagine that being able to adapt to changing environment imparts a benefit. Sex also halves the amount of offspring a given population is able to produce. Sex, however, has evolved as the most prolific means of species branching into the tree of life. Diversification into the phylogenetic tree happens much more rapidly via sexual reproduction than it does by way of asexual reproduction.

Dr Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation: The Definitive Guide to the Evolutionary Biology of Sex is a 2002 popular science book by the British evolutionary biologist Olivia Judson written in the role of her alter ego, agony aunt Dr Tatiana. Dr Tatiana receives letters from various creatures about their sex lives, and responds by explaining the biology of sex to creatures concerned.

Dorion Sagan is an American essayist, fiction writer, poet, and theorist of ecology. He has written and co-authored books on culture, art, literature, evolution, and the history and philosophy of science, including Cosmic Apprentice,Cracking the Aging Code, and Lynn Margulis: The Life and Legacy of a Scientific Rebel.

Deborah Charlesworth is a population geneticist from the UK, notable for her important discoveries in population genetics and evolutionary biology. Her most notable research is in understanding the evolution of recombination, sex chromosomes and mating system for plants.

Eva Jablonka is an Israeli evolutionary theorist and geneticist, known especially for her interest in epigenetic inheritance. Born in 1952 in Poland, she emigrated to Israel in 1957. She is a professor at the Cohn Institute for the History of Philosophy of Science and Ideas at Tel Aviv University. In 1981 she was awarded the Landau prize of Israel for outstanding Master of Science (M.Sc.) work and in 1988, the Marcus prize for outstanding Ph.D. work. She is a proponent of academic freedom, recognising that on such matters, "academic and political issues cannot really be kept apart", although she is not a proponent of simplistic solutions, and shows a preference to describe her own position.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geoffrey Miller (psychologist)</span> American evolutionary psychologist (born 1965)

Geoffrey Franklin Miller is an American evolutionary psychologist, author, and associate professor of psychology at the University of New Mexico. He is known for his research on sexual selection in human evolution.

Horace Freeland Judson was a journalist and later with more prominence a historian of molecular biology including authoring several books, including The Eighth Day of Creation, a history of molecular biology, and The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science, an examination of the deliberate manipulation of scientific data.

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A cognitive module in cognitive psychology is a specialized tool or sub-unit that can be used by other parts to resolve cognitive tasks. It is used in theories of the modularity of mind and the closely related society of mind theory and was developed by Jerry Fodor. It became better known throughout cognitive psychology by means of his book, The Modularity of Mind (1983). The nine aspects he lists that make up a mental module are domain specificity, mandatory operation, limited central accessibility, fast processing, informational encapsulation,‘shallow’ outputs, fixed neural architecture, characteristic and specific breakdown patterns, and characteristic ontogenetic pace and sequencing. Not all of these are necessary for the unit to be considered a module, but they serve as general parameters.

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Bateman's principle, in evolutionary biology, is that in most species, variability in reproductive success is greater in males than in females. It was first proposed by Angus John Bateman (1919–1996), an English geneticist. Bateman suggested that, since males are capable of producing millions of sperm cells with little effort, while females invest much higher levels of energy in order to nurture a relatively small number of eggs, the female plays a significantly larger role in their offspring's reproductive success. Bateman's paradigm thus views females as the limiting factor of parental investment, over which males will compete in order to copulate successfully.

<i>Sex at Dawn</i> 2010 book by Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá

Sex at Dawn: The Prehistoric Origins of Modern Sexuality is a 2010 book about the evolution of human mating systems by Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jethá. In opposition to what the authors see as the "standard narrative" of human sexual evolution, they contend that having multiple sexual partners was common and accepted in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. The authors contend that mobile, self-contained groups of hunter-gatherers were the norm for humans before agriculture led to high population density. Before agriculture, according to the authors, sex was relatively promiscuous and paternity was not a concern. This dynamic is similar to the mating system of bonobos. According to the book, sexual interactions strengthened the bond of trust in the groups. Far from causing jealousy, social equilibrium and reciprocal obligation were strengthened by playful sexual interactions.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Dr Olivia Judson's animal magic". Reporter ("The Newspaper of Imperial College, London"). 11 July 2003.
  2. "Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin: Olivia Judson, Ph.D." Olivia Judson, Ph.D. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  3. "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Olivia Judson" . Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  4. Judson, Olivia P. (1994). Parasites, sex and genetic variation in a model metapopulation (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.
  5. "Olivia Judson".
  6. Dr Tatiana - Translations
  7. Judson, Olivia (30 December 2008). "Reflections on an Oyster". Opinionator. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  8. Olivia Judson (29 June 2010). "So Long, and Thanks". The Wild Side blog at NYTimes.com.
  9. Judson, Olivia (22 February 2014). "The Memory Stone". Opinionator. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  10. Olivia Judson (9 September 2008). "A Genetically Engineered Swat". The Wild Side blog at NYTimes.com.
  11. "Mount Erebus, Antarctica". Magazine. 1 July 2012. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  12. "Cassowaries". Magazine. 1 September 2013. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  13. "Luminous Life – National Geographic Magazine". Magazine. 1 March 2015. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  14. "Why Do Octopuses Remind Us So Much of Ourselves?". Magazine. 13 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  15. The Max Planck Institute for History of Science – News
  16. Judson, Olivia P. (2017). "The energy expansions of evolution". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (6). doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0138. PMID   28812646. S2CID   7207482.