Oregon housing shortage

Last updated

The U.S. state of Oregon has enacted several reforms since the 2010s to address a statewide shortage of housing supply. [1]

Contents

Effects

Homelessness

Whoville Homeless Camp in Eugene, Oregon, 2013 Whoville Homeless Camp (Eugene, Oregon).jpg
Whoville Homeless Camp in Eugene, Oregon, 2013

In 2016, a report from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) revealed that the U.S. state of Oregon had an estimated homeless population of 13,238 with about 60.5% of these people still unsheltered. [2] In 2017, these numbers were even higher. As of January 2017, Oregon has an estimated 13,953 individuals experiencing homelessness. Of this homeless population, 1,083 are family households, 1,251 are veterans, 1,462 are unaccompanied young adults (aged 18–24), and 3,387 are individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. [3] As of 2022, 17,959 people total experienced homelessness in Oregon, with 2,157 individuals being youth under 18, 6,671 being female, 10,931 being male, and 131 being transgender. Also among the 17,959 total homeless in 2022, 15,876 were Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino, 2,083 were Hispanic/Latino, 13,960 were white, 1,172 were Black, African American, or African, 101 were Asian or Asian American, 880 were Native American, and those of multiple race were 1,619. Oregon has seen an increase in its total homeless population consistently every year since 2010. In last three years specifically Oregon has seen a 98.5% increase 2021-2022, 22.5% increase 2020-2021, and a 13.1% increase 2019-2020. [4]

Homeless people have found themselves unwelcome near businesses in Portland. [5] Some of the complaints given are that homeless people 'scare customers away'; 'are too noisy'; and that 'they block the way'. [6] [7] A city ordinance called 'sidewalk obstruction ordinance' was an ordinance which homeless advocates complained "criminalizes homelessness". [5] This was however, quashed by a judge's decision in 2009. [5] This decision left the police and business owners with disorderly conduct which the police chief said comes with the difficulty of proving intent and finding witnesses. [5]

Responses

State

2019 session

HB 2001

HB 2001, signed into law by Governor Kate Brown on August 14, 2019, provides an alternative to single-family zoning. [8] [9] [10] The law allows duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, and cottage clusters (which are several smaller homes built around a community backyard or other green space) to be built on land zoned for single family homes in cities with over 25,000 residents. [11] In cities with over 10,000 residents duplexes will be allowed on land zoned for single family homes. [12]

2020 session

The Land Conservation and Development Commission passed a model housing code for mid-size cities to adopt to allow for missing middle housing.

2021 session
SB 458

SB 458, signed into law by Brown, amended HB 2001 to require all applicable local governments to allow lot divisions. [13]

2022 session

The LCDC passed a rule change prohibiting certain cities from enforcing parking requirements near high-frequency transit service. [14] [15]

2024 session

SB 1537

SB 1537, signed into law by Governor Tina Kotek on April 17, 2024, was drafted in order to provide more affordable housing options for local governments. Among its provisions:

Other 2024 bills

Other bills were passed in 2024:

  • SB 1530: a $75 million revolving loan fund to help local governments issue loans for affordable low-income housing. [17]
  • HB 4134: Requiring the Oregon Business Development Department to provide grants to cities for specified infrastructure projects that will benefit housing developments that will make at least 30 percent of the dwelling units affordable to workforce income households [18]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portland, Oregon</span> Most populous city in Oregon, United States

Portland is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest region. Situated in the northwestern area of the state at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers, it is the county seat of Multnomah County, Oregon's most populous county. As of 2020, Portland's population was 652,503, making it the 26th-most populous city in the United States, the sixth-most populous on the West Coast, and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest, after Seattle. Approximately 2.5 million people live in the Portland metropolitan area, making it the 25th-most populous in the United States. About half of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metro area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Affordable housing</span> Housing affordable to those with a median household income

Affordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median, as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and a number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency homeless shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental, to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership. Demand for affordable housing is generally associated with a decrease in housing affordability, such as rent increases, in addition to increased homelessness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laurelhurst, Portland, Oregon</span> Neighborhood in Portland, Oregon, U.S.

Laurelhurst is a neighborhood of vintage single-family homes and undulating streets surrounding a park of the same name, straddling the NE and SE sections of Portland. Stone markers flank the entrances to the area. The center of the neighborhood, Coe Circle, contains a gilded equestrian statue of Joan of Arc, which is a World War I war memorial. The Laurelhurst Historic District was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darcelle XV Plaza</span> Public park in Portland, Oregon, U.S.

Darcelle XV Plaza is a square that was a small park and fountain at the intersection of Southwest Park Avenue and Southwest Harvey Milk Street in downtown Portland, Oregon, in the United States. It received the current name in July 2023. It was named after Hugh O'Bryant, Portland's first mayor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tina Kotek</span> Governor of Oregon since 2023

ChristineKotek is an American politician serving as the 39th governor of Oregon since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Kotek served eight terms as the state representative from the 44th district of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2007 to 2022, as majority leader of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013, and as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives from 2013 to 2022. She won the 2022 Oregon gubernatorial election, defeating Republican nominee Christine Drazan and independent candidate Betsy Johnson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secondary suite</span> Dwelling on a property separated from the main home

A secondary suite is a self-contained apartments, cottages, or small residential units, that is located on a property that has a separate main, single-family home, duplex, or other residential unit. In some cases, the ADU or in-law is attached to the principal dwelling or is an entirely separate unit, located above a garage, across a carport, or in the backyard on the same property. Reasons for wanting to add a secondary suite to a property may be to receive additional income, provide social and personal support to a family member, or obtain greater security.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Portland, Oregon</span> Mayor–council government system of Portland, Oregon

The government of Portland, Oregon is based on a mayor–council government system. Elected officials include the mayor, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professional city manager who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is elected at-large, while the council is elected in four geographic districts using single transferable vote, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with the first elections under the new system held in 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoning in the United States</span> Provision in urban planning in the United States

Zoning is a law that divides a jurisdiction's land into districts, or zones, and limits how land in each district can be used. In the United States, zoning includes various land use laws enforced through the police power rights of state governments and local governments to exercise authority over privately owned real property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Park Blocks</span> Public park in Portland, Oregon, U.S.

The North Park Blocks form a city park in downtown Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Most of the park is in northwest Portland, but one block is in southwest Portland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunset Esplanade</span> Shopping mall in Oregon, United States

The Sunset Esplanade is an outdoor shopping center located in the southeast part of Hillsboro, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Opened in 1989, the center is along Tualatin Valley Highway at Minter Bridge Road and includes about five anchor tenants and about thirty other tenants in a complex with about 363,000 square feet (33,700 m2) of space. Neighbors opposed the center when it was proposed, due to concerns over increased traffic and how it would blend with existing residential neighborhoods. After appeals to the Hillsboro City Council and state land use board, the $23 million project received approval almost two years after first proposed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portland Bureau of Transportation</span>

The Portland Bureau of Transportation is the largest bureau at City of Portland tasked with maintaining the city of Portland's transportation infrastructure. Bureau staff plan, build, manage, and maintain a transportation system with the goal of providing people and businesses access and mobility. The Bureau received significant media coverage in 2017 for employee hazing within its maintenance operations, as well as a bribery scheme between its parking manager and Cale America that span from 2002 to 2011 for which the manager Ellis McCoy was sentenced to two years in federal prison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Missing middle housing</span> Lack of medium density housing in North America

Missing middle housing refers to a lack of medium-density housing in the North American context. The term describes an urban planning phenomenon in Canada, the United States, Australia and more recent developments in industrialized and newly industrializing countries due to zoning regulations favoring social and racial separation and car-dependent suburban sprawl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homelessness in California</span>

In January 2024 at least 187,084 people were experiencing homelessness in California, according to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. This is 0.48% of California's population, one of the highest per capita rates in the nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homelessness in Oregon</span>

In 2016, a report from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) revealed that the U.S. state of Oregon had an estimated homeless population of 13,238 with about 60.5% of these people still unsheltered. In 2017, these numbers were even higher. As of January 2017, Oregon has an estimated 13,953 individuals experiencing homelessness. Of this homeless population, 1,083 are family households, 1,251 are veterans, 1,462 are unaccompanied young adults, and 3,387 are individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. As of 2022, 17,959 people total experienced homelessness in Oregon, with 2,157 individuals being youth under 18, 6,671 being female, 10,931 being male, and 131 being transgender. Also among the 17,959 total homeless in 2022, 15,876 were Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino, 2,083 were Hispanic/Latino, 13,960 were white, 1,172 were Black, African American, or African, 101 were Asian or Asian American, 880 were Native American, and those of multiple race were 1,619. Oregon has seen an increase in its total homeless population consistently every year since 2010. In last three years specifically Oregon has seen a 98.5% increase 2021-2022, 22.5% increase 2020-2021, and a 13.1% increase 2019-2020.

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California Senate Bill 50 was a proposed California bill that would have preempted local government control of land zoning near public transit stations and jobs centers. The bill would have also required, at minimum, four-plex residential zoning statewide. The bill was the successor to a similar bill introduced by state senator Scott Wiener in January 2018 as Senate Bill 827 ; both would have applied to areas within one-half-mile (0.8 km) of frequent transit corridors, including rail stations and bus routes. The bills were sponsored by California YIMBY, a pro-housing lobbying group while they were opposed by local governments, anti-gentrification activists, and suburban homeowners. The bills were written in response to an ongoing housing affordability crisis in California's largest urban areas.

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References

  1. "Oregon Housing and Community Services : State of the State's Housing Report : About Us : State of Oregon". www.oregon.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  2. Eastman, Janet (November 23, 2016). "Most of Oregon's homeless families live on the street, in cars, parks: Highest percentage in US., says HUD report". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
  3. "Oregon Homelessness Statistics in 2017". U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
  4. "2022 AHAR: Part 1 - PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S. | HUD USER". www.huduser.gov. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Mayer, James (July 15, 2009). "Portland grapples with homeless issue after ruling on sidewalk ordinance". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
  6. Griffin, Anna (February 21, 2015). "Handling Panhandling". The Oregonian. Archived from the original on March 5, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2016.
  7. Flaccus, Gillian (September 11, 2016). "Portland homeless crisis grows, creating dissent in tolerant Oregon city". Review Journal. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  8. "HB 2001". Oregon State Legislature Information. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  9. Wamsley, Laurel (1 July 2019). "Oregon Legislature Votes to Essentially Ban Single-Family Zoning". NPR. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  10. Bliss, Laura (2 July 2019). "Oregon's Single Family Zoning Ban was a 'Long time coming'". CityLab. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  11. Mapes, Jeff (3 July 2019). "Oregon Strikes Exclusive Single-Family Zoning, But Effects May Take Years". Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  12. Bliss, Laura. "Where Oregon's Single-Family Zoning Ban Came From". CityLab.
  13. "Press Release: SB 458 passes Oregon Legislature". Habitat for Humanity of Oregon. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  14. Gould, Michael Andersen, Catie (2022-07-22). "Oregon Just Slashed Parking Mandates. 5 Things That Might Happen Next". Sightline Institute. Retrieved 2025-01-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. "Eliminating Single-Family Zoning and Parking Minimums in Oregon | Bipartisan Policy Center". bipartisanpolicy.org. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  16. Ordon-Bakalian, Stephanie Holmberg and Keenan (2024-08-16). "Oregon gains another tool in its housing production toolbox | Opinion". Daily Journal of Commerce. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  17. "Lawmakers approve Gov. Tina Kotek's top priority for the session; funding expected to ease Oregon housing crisis". opb. Retrieved 2025-01-15.
  18. "Oregon Legislative Information System". olis.oregonlegislature.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-15.