Polyhomeotic-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHC1 gene. [5] [6]
Polyhomeotic-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHC1 gene. [5] [6]
This gene is a homolog of the Drosophila polyhomeotic gene, which is a member of the Polycomb group of genes. The gene product is a component of a multimeric protein complex that contains EDR2 and the vertebrate Polycomb protein BMI1. The gene product, the EDR2 protein, and the Drosophila polyhomeotic protein share two highly conserved domains, named homology domains I and II. These domains are involved in protein–protein interactions and may mediate heterodimerization of the protein encoded by this gene and the EDR2 protein. [6]
Mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of primary microcephaly. [7]
PHC1 has been shown to interact with BMI1 [5] [8] and PHC2. [5] [9]
Polycomb-group proteins are a family of protein complexes first discovered in fruit flies that can remodel chromatin such that epigenetic silencing of genes takes place. Polycomb-group proteins are well known for silencing Hox genes through modulation of chromatin structure during embryonic development in fruit flies. They derive their name from the fact that the first sign of a decrease in PcG function is often a homeotic transformation of posterior legs towards anterior legs, which have a characteristic comb-like set of bristles.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme encoded by EZH2 gene, that participates in histone methylation and, ultimately, transcriptional repression. EZH2 catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to histone H3 at lysine 27, by using the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Methylation activity of EZH2 facilitates heterochromatin formation thereby silences gene function. Remodeling of chromosomal heterochromatin by EZH2 is also required during cell mitosis.
Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 also known as polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4) or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMI1 gene. BMI1 is a polycomb ring finger oncogene.
Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKX2.5 gene.
Zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ELAC2 gene. on chromosome 17. It is an endonuclease thought to be involved in mitochondrial tRNA maturation,
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF2 gene.
Polycomb protein EED is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EED gene.
C-terminal-binding protein 2 also known as CtBP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTBP2 gene.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RING1 gene.
Polycomb group RING finger protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCGF2 gene.
Polyhomeotic-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHC2 gene.
DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJA2 gene.
Chromobox protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX5 gene. It is a highly conserved, non-histone protein part of the heterochromatin family. The protein itself is more commonly called HP1α. Heterochromatin protein-1 (HP1) has an N-terminal domain that acts on methylated lysines residues leading to epigenetic repression. The C-terminal of this protein has a chromo shadow-domain (CSD) that is responsible for homodimerizing, as well as interacting with a variety of chromatin-associated, non-histone proteins.
Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ASH2L gene.
Polycomb protein SCMH1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCMH1 gene.
RING1 and YY1-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RYBP gene.
Chromobox protein homolog 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX8 gene.
Chromobox protein homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX2 gene. According to a New Scientist article CBX2 controls human sex even more so than X/Y chromosomes.
M33 is a gene. It is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Polycomb. It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei, but it is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes. In mice, the official symbol of M33 gene styled Cbx2 and the official name chromobox 2 are maintained by the MGI. Also known as pc; MOD2. In human ortholog CBX2, synonyms CDCA6, M33,SRXY5 from orthology source HGNC. M33 was isolated by means of the structural similarity of its chromodomain. It contains a region of homology shared by Xenopus and Drosophila in the fifth exon. Polycomb genes in Drosophila mediate changes in higher-order chromatin structure to maintain the repressed state of developmentally regulated genes. M33 deficiency interferes with steps upstream of the Y-chromosome-specific SRY gene may cause sex reversal. It may also involved in the campomelic syndrome and neoplastic disorders linked to allele loss in this region. Disruption of the murine M33 gene, displayed posterior transformation of the sternal ribs and vertebral columns.
Enhancer of polycomb homolog 2 (Drosophila) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPC2 gene.
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