| Parmotrema zicoi | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Parmotrema |
| Species: | P. zicoi |
| Binomial name | |
| Parmotrema zicoi C.H.Ribeiro & Marcelli (2002) | |
Parmotrema zicoi is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was introduced as new to science in 2002.
It was originally described from collections made in Serra do Caraça, Brazil, where it was found growing at an elevation of 1,330 m (4,360 ft).
The specific epithet zicoi honours the priest Tobias Zico, who, as a former administrator for the Parque Natural do Caraça, promoted the "preservation of a most important type locality for numerous lichens, animals, and plants in Brazil". [1]
The lichen has a seafoam-green thallus up to 8 cm (3 in) wide, comprising overlapping lobes that are 2.0–5.0 mm wide. The margins of the lobes have simple cilia that are up to 1 mm long. The cortex contains atranorin, while the medulla contains protocetraric acid. [1] Occasionally, the medullary K spot test reaction is positive, producing a very light yellow colour that indicates the presence of traces of atranorin in the upper part of the medulla near the cortex. P. zicoi has short bacilliform-shaped conidia that are less than 5 μm long. The lichen does not produce any form of vegetative propagation or pustules. [2]
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.
Canoparmelia albomaculata is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This species is very similar to the apostulate Canoparmelia caroliniana, showing the same colour, size and reticulate maculae. C. caroliniana, however, has true isidia. Big coralloid pustules that in some cases become sorediate are a characteristic feature for C. albomaculata.
Canoparmelia cassa is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. This species is characteristic by the occurrence of isidia together with fatty acids. It is similar externally to Canoparmelia amazonica. Its epithet cassa is derived from the Latin cassus, meaning "devoid", due to this species' lack of medullar reactive substances.
Parmotrema asperum is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2008. The milky-grey thallus of the lichen is up to 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in diameter, consisting of irregularly branched lobes measuring 2.0–6.5 mm wide. The lichen is named for the coarse appearance of the thallus.
Parmotrema applanatum is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Originally described from collections made in Vale do Sol, Brazil, it was introduced as new to science in 2002. In 2005, the lichen was recorded in China. The lichen has a grey thallus up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, comprising lobes that are 0.2–0.6 mm wide. It grows on tree-shaded rocks in open woods. The species is difficult to collect because the thallus adheres strongly to its substrate. The specific epithet appalantum refers to "the notoriously plane habit of the thalli". Parmotrema applanatum resembles P. hababianum, but differs from that species in lacking cilia, and containing traces of usnic acid and atranorin in its upper cortex.
Parmotrema alectoronicum is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that was introduced as new to science in 2002. It was originally described from collections made in Serra do Caraça, Brazil, where it was found growing at an elevation of 1,220 m (4,000 ft). The lichen has a yellowish-green thallus up to 9 cm (3.5 in) wide, comprising lobes that are 2.0–4.0 mm wide. The margins of the lobes have cilia that are up to 1.5 mm long. The specific epithet alectoronicum refers to the presence of alectoronic acid in the medulla. This presence of this compound, as well as usnic acid in its cortex, is a rare combination in the genus Parmotrema.
Parmotrema aurantiacoparvum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South America, it was described as new to science in 1992 by lichenologist Harrie Sipman. Its thallus is pale grey or slightly brownish in colour, measuring 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) wide. The lichen has been collected in Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Brazil. It grows on canopy branches and on small trees in well-lit areas of forests or clearings.
Parmotrema anchietanum is a species of saxicolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South America, it was described as new to science in 2008. The holotype was collected on the rocky shore of Anchieta Island in São Paulo; the lichen is named after the type locality. Its leathery, pale grey thallus measures up to 16 cm (6.3 in) in diameter, composed of irregularly branched lobes that are typically 1–3 mm wide. Secondary compounds present in the lichen include atranorin and chloratranorin in the cortex, and salazinic acid and consalazinic acid in the medulla.
Bulbothrix meizospora is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Africa, Asia, and South America, where it grows on tree bark.
Punctelia involuta is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2010 by Luciana Canêz and Marcelli Marcelo. It is a member of the Punctelia microsticta species group, a set of related Punctelia lichens with a black lower surface and similar morphology. The type specimen of Punctelia involuta was collected in São Luiz do Paraitinga at the Serra do Mar State Park. In an open forest there it was found growing on mosses at the base of a thin, rotting Myrtaceae trunk; the elevation was 975 m (3,200 ft).
Punctelia purpurascens is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by lichenologists Marcelo Marcelli and Luciana da Silva Canêz. The type specimen was collected in the municipality of Vicara in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. There it was found growing on a basaltic rock in an open field. The specific epithet purpurascens refers to the unusual K+ purple reaction of the medulla.
Punctelia nashii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is known only from California.
Punctelia imbricata is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Marcello Marcelli, Patrícia Jungbluth, and John Alan Elix. The holotype was collected in the Paulista municipality of São Paulo State. There it was found growing on the trunk of a mango tree, which was in a shaded and humid location in an orchard. The lichen has a greenish-grey thallus measuring 15–20 cm (6–8 in) wide, with a smooth upper surface that becomes a bit wrinkled in age; the lower surface is black. Punctelia imbricata contains trace amounts of atranorin and lecanoric acid, minor amounts of orcinyl lecanorate, and gyrophoric acid as the major secondary metabolite in the medulla. The specific epithet imbricata refers to the "imbricate" lobules.
Punctelia roseola is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2009 by lichenologists Patrícia Jungbluth, Marcello Marcelli, and John Alan Elix. The specific epithet refers to the pale rose colour of the medulla. The holotype was collected from Jurumirim municipality in São Paulo State, close to the Tietê River. There it was found growing on an isolated tree in a dry pasture, without direct sunlight. It has a grey thallus measuring 10–20 cm (4–8 in) wide; the lower thallus surface is pale, becoming darker near the centre. The lichen contains atranorin, lecanoric acid, and several butlerins as minor compounds, butlerlin D as a somewhat major compound, and gyrophoric acid as the major secondary metabolite in the medulla.
Punctelia constantimontium is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Its range includes South America, Africa, and Mexico, where it grows on bark and twigs.
Punctelia jujensis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in Argentina and Brazil.
Punctelia colombiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) and foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America.
Punctelia subpraesignis is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Mexico, South America, and East Africa, where it grows on bark and on rocks. Major characteristics of the lichen that distinguish it from other Punctelia species include the C+ and KC+ rose spot tests of the medulla, ascospores that are smaller than 20 μm, and unciform (hooklike) conidia.
Punctelia graminicola is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows on rocks, and, less frequently, on bark in North America, South America, and East Africa. It has a blue-grey thallus measuring up to about 15 cm (6 in), covered with tiny pores called pseudocyphellae. Sometimes the lichen forms small lobes that project out from the surface. Fruiting bodies are uncommon in this species; if present, they resemble small cups with a brown internal disc measuring 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) in diameter. A lookalike species, Punctelia hypoleucites, is not readily distinguishable from Punctelia graminicola by appearance or habitat alone; these species can only be reliably differentiated by examining the length of their conidia.
