Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U.S. 335 (1963),was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own. The case extended the right to counsel,which had been found under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to impose requirements on the federal government,by imposing those requirements upon the states as well.
Miranda v. Arizona,384 U.S. 436 (1966),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restricts prosecutors from using a person's statements made in response to interrogation in police custody as evidence at their trial unless they can show that the person was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning,and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning,and that the defendant not only understood these rights but also voluntarily waived them.
Admission to the bar in the United States is the granting of permission by a particular court system to a lawyer to practice law in the jurisdiction. Each U.S. state and jurisdiction has its own court system and sets its own rules and standards for bar admission. In most cases,a person is admitted or called to the bar of the highest court in the jurisdiction and is thereby authorized to practice law in the jurisdiction. Federal courts,although often overlapping in admission standards with states,set their own requirements.
Attorney–client privilege or lawyer–client privilege is the common law doctrine of legal professional privilege in the United States. Attorney–client privilege is "[a] client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications between the client and the attorney."
Michael Chertoff is an American attorney who was the second United States Secretary of Homeland Security to serve under President George W. Bush. Chertoff also served for one additional day under President Barack Obama. He was the co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act. Chertoff previously served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit,as a federal prosecutor,and as Assistant U.S. Attorney General. He succeeded Tom Ridge as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security on February 15,2005.
Shira A. Scheindlin is an American attorney and jurist who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. She is currently of counsel at Boies Schiller Flexner LLP.
Alvin Kenneth Hellerstein is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York who has presided over several high-profile cases,including the Harvey Weinstein trial.
In American civil procedure,the work-product doctrine protects materials prepared in anticipation of litigation from discovery by opposing counsel. It is also known as the work-product rule,the work-product immunity,the work-product exception, and the work-product privilege,though there is debate about whether it is truly a "privilege." This doctrine does not apply in other countries,where such communications are not protected,but where the legal discovery process itself is much more limited.
Swidler &Berlin v. United States,524 U.S. 399 (1998),was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the death of an attorney's client does not terminate attorney–client privilege with respect to records of confidential communications between the attorney and the client.
In the law of the United States of America,an objection is a formal protest raised in court during a trial to disallow a witness's testimony or other evidence in violation of the rules of evidence or other procedural law. An objection is typically raised after the opposing party asks a question of the witness,but before the witness can answer,or when the opposing party is about to enter something into evidence. The judge then makes a ruling on whether the objection is "sustained" or "overruled". An attorney may choose to "rephrase" a question that has been objected to,so long as the judge permits it. Lawyers should make an objection before there is an answer to the question. Research finds that frequent objections by attorneys do not alienate jurors.
Al Joudi v. Bush (Civil Action No. 05-cv-301) is a writ of habeas corpus filed on behalf of several Guantanamo detainees,including:Majid Abdulla Al Joudi,Yousif Mohammad Mubarak Al-Shehri,Abdulla Mohammad Al Ghanmi and Abdul-Hakim Abdul-Rahman Al-Moosa,before US District Court Judge Gladys Kessler. It was one of over 200 habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of detainees held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba.
Richard D. Bennett is a United States Senior District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Born in Maryland,Bennett is a graduate of Severn School,the University of Pennsylvania,and the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. He previously served as an Assistant United States Attorney and the United States Attorney for Maryland,and was awarded multiple commendations for his service. In private practice,Bennett was a partner in a major Maryland law firm,where he specialized in white collar criminal defense,and was recognized by a respected national publication as one of the "Best Lawyers in America." Appointed to the federal bench in 2003,he took senior status in 2021. While maintaining an active trial docket in the District of Maryland,Bennett has increasingly been sitting by designation with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Paul David Borman is a Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan,having been appointed in 1994. Borman was earlier an Assistant United States Attorney,and Special Counsel to the Mayor of Detroit. For 15 years thereafter,he was Chief Federal Defender of the Legal Aid &Defender Association of Detroit from 1979 to 1994. When he was appointed to be a federal judge,he became the first federal defender to be appointed to the federal bench. He was also a Professor and Assistant Dean at Wayne State University Law School,and an Adjunct Lecturer at the University of Michigan Law School.
Gerard Edmund Lynch is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He was confirmed to that seat on September 17,2009,after previously having been appointed in 2000 by President Bill Clinton to serve on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Judge Lynch was the first appeals-court judge nominated by President Barack Obama to win confirmation from the United States Senate.
Paul Mpande Ngobeni is a South African lawyer who graduated from Hamilton College,New York. He has served on a task team advising the African National Congress on constitutional law matters where he assisted in designing its legal strategy for defending South African President Jacob Zuma against corruption charges. He has also served as a consultant for the South African Ministry of Housing on various legal matters,including transformation.
The Buried Bodies Case,also known as the Lake Pleasant Bodies Case,is a mid-1970s upstate New York court case where defense attorneys Frank H. Armani and Francis Belge kept secret the location of the bodies of two women murdered by their client,Robert Garrow,Sr.
Lorraine v. Markel American Insurance Company,241 F.R.D. 534,is a case in which a landmark decision about the admissibility and authentication of digital evidence was set down in the form of a 100-page opinion by Magistrate Judge Paul W. Grimm.
Beryl Alaine Howell is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as a U.S. district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. She was district's chief judge from 2016 to 2023. As chief judge,she supervised federal grand juries in the District,including for the Mueller special counsel investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and investigations into attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election.
Randolph Daniel Moss is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
John Michael O'Connor is an American attorney and politician who served as the 19th attorney general of Oklahoma between 2021 and 2023. O’Connor was previously a shareholder of Hall Estill and a nominee to be a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma,the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma,and the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.
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