Paula Cox | |
---|---|
10th Premier of Bermuda | |
In office 29 October 2010 –18 December 2012 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Governor | Richard Gozney David Arkley (Acting) George Fergusson |
Preceded by | Ewart Brown |
Succeeded by | Craig Cannonier |
Leader of the Progressive Labour Party | |
In office 28 October 2010 –21 December 2012 | |
Preceded by | Ewart Brown |
Succeeded by | Marc Bean |
Personal details | |
Born | 1964 (age 59–60)? Hamilton,Bermuda |
Political party | Progressive Labour Party |
Alma mater | McGill University University of Manchester |
Paula Ann Cox CBE (born c. 1964) is a Bermudian politician and former premier of Bermuda. She has been the leader of the Bermuda Progressive Labour Party (PLP), [1] since 28 October 2010. [2] In accordance with the Bermuda Constitution Order 1968,she was appointed Premier of Bermuda,on Friday,29 October 2010 by Governor Sir Richard Gozney. She was succeeded as Premier by Craig Cannonier on 18 December 2012,when she led her party into election defeat,losing her own seat in the process. [3]
Paula Cox,the only daughter born to Bermudians C. Eugene and Alinda F. Cox,spent her early years living in Sandys Parish. She attended The Berkeley Institute and Havergal College. [4] She later earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science from McGill University in Canada,and a post-graduate diploma in international law from the University of Manchester. She trained as a solicitor at the College of Law,Chancery Lane,London,and was called to the Bermuda Bar in January 1992. She received an honorary doctorate in education at the May 2004 commencement exercise of Wheelock College (USA) and more recently,in 2009,was made an honorary alumnus of Dalhousie University.
Cox was first elected to Parliament in October 1996 [5] when she won the Devonshire North by-election (Constituency 14). A seat formally held by the then Opposition Leader,L. Frederick Wade,JP,MP. Then in her mid-30s,Mrs. Cox became one of the youngest members of the House of Assembly.
Following the General Election in November 1998,Cox was appointed the first PLP Minister of Labour,Home Affairs and Public Safety. Her management of that portfolio gained her added recognition when she was judged "the most effective politician" in the Best of Bermuda Gold Awards for 2001 by The Bermudian,a prestigious and long-standing magazine in Bermuda. This achievement was then repeated in 2003.
On 1 November 2001,Cox was given a new assignment and appointed the Minister of Education and Development and was later that year named in the Bermudians' Best of Bermuda Gold annual listing as the most effective politician for 2001. Following the July 2003 general election,Cox retained her Education portfolio but was additionally appointed Attorney-General following the retirement of the iconic former leader of the BPLP,former member of parliament and former Attorney-General and Minister of Justice,Dame Lois Browne-Evans. Cox served in this dual portfolio until January 2004. In 2003,she was again cited in The Bermudian′s Best of Gold's annual listing as the most effective politician.
Cox assumed the Finance portfolio exclusively in January 2004,succeeding her late father,the Hon. C. Eugene Cox,CBE,JP,MP. She and her father were unique in Bermuda and party politics in both being Ministers in the first PLP administration and the only serving father-daughter duo in Parliament.
On a tip by Mikhail Fridman's Alfa Group,she investigated the financial activities of Leonid Reiman,his attorney Jeffrey Galmond,and their firms including the $1 billion Bermuda-based IPOC International Growth Fund which was competing against Alfa Group for the former share held by Leonid Rozhetskin's LV Finance in the Russian telecom giant Megafon. [6] [7] In March 2004,she hired two inspectors from the Financial Advisory Services division of KPMG to independently investigate IPOC International Growth Fund for irregularities and report the findings to the Bermund Monetary Authorities (BMA). [6] To influence the outcome of KPMG's findings,Alfa Group's telecom subsidiary Altimo hired the Haley Barbour founded BGR public relations firm which then hired a security firm co-founded by Richard Burt Due Diligence. [8] In addition to being a board member of Alfa,Richard Burt has a close working relationship with Mikhail Fridman. [9] From spring to October 2005,Due Diligence performed its Project Yucca which infiltrated KPMG's investigation to gain information about the investigation into the IPOC International Growth Fund by impersonating British Secret Services agents. [10] [11] [12]
Premier of Bermuda,October 2010 –December 2012
Minister of Finance,2004–12
Attorney General,2003–04
Minister of Education,2001–04
Minister of Labour,Home Affairs and Public Safety,1998–2001
Cox was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for public service in Bermuda. [13]
Paula A. Cox is a corporate lawyer,having served as a lawyer for ACE Limited as their Corporate Counsel and previously as Vice-President and Senior Legal Counsel of Global Funds Services at the Bank of Bermuda Limited.
Cox is married to businessman Germain Nkeuleu,with whom she has a son,Stephan. She has two brothers,Jeremy Cox,chief executive officerExecutiveof the Bermuda Monetary Authority,and Robert Cox,an electrical engineer presently working in the United States. Paula Cox is an avid reader of international biographies and collector of African antiquities.
Bermuda is the oldest British Overseas Territory,and the oldest self-governing British Overseas Territory,and has a great degree of internal autonomy through authority and roles of governance delegated to it by the national Government. Its parliament held its first session in 1620,making it the third-oldest continuous parliament in the world. As part of the British realm,King Charles III is head of state and is represented in Bermuda by a Governor,whom he appoints on the advice of the British Government. The Governor has special responsibilities in four areas:external affairs,defence,internal security,and policing.
Mikhail Maratovich Fridman is a Ukrainian-born,Russian–Israeli tycoon. He is one of the co-founders of Alfa-Group,a multinational Russian conglomerate. According to Forbes,he was the second-richest Russian as of 2013,moving down to ninth-richest Russian in 2023. In May 2017,he was also ranked as Russia's most important businessman by bne IntelliNews. In February 2024,Fridman had a net worth of $13.1 billion,according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.
Alfa Group Consortium is Russian international privately owned investment groups,with interests in oil and gas,commercial and investment banking,asset management,insurance,retail trade,telecommunications,water utilities and special situation investments.
The Progressive Labour Party (PLP) is one of the three political parties in Bermuda. At the 18 July 2017 general election,the party won 24 of the 36 seats in the Bermudian House of Assembly to become the governing party. The party was founded in 1963,the first political party in Bermuda,and the oldest still active. It formed government from 1998 to 2012,and again since 2017.
Jeffrey Peter Galmond is a Danish Supreme Court lawyer and businessman. He is the owner of the law firm J. P. Galmond &Co. He owned large portions of the holding companies that owned the Russian mobile telecommunications operator Megafon. One of these portions was contested. Galmond had been accused of not being the true owner of the Russian assets,but of acting as a front to Russian minister of telecommunications Leonid Reiman. These claims were vigorously denied by Galmond.
Leonid Dodojonovich Reiman is a Russian businessman and government official,former Minister of Communications and Information Technologies of the Russian Federation. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
Ewart Frederick Brown Jr. is a politician and physician who served as the ninth Premier of Bermuda and leader of the country's Progressive Labour Party (PLP) from 2006 to 2010. He represented Warwick South Central as a Member of Parliament from 1993 to 2010.
Altimo is the telecommunications investment arm of Russia's Alfa Group Consortium,controlled by Russian oligarch Mikhail Fridman. Altimo investee companies operate in Russia,Ukraine,Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Bangladesh,Georgia,Turkey;it holds stakes in VimpelCom,MegaFon,Kyivstar,and Turkcell. Together,Altimo's investee companies have more than 150 million mobile phone subscribers.. Altimo Holdings &Investments Ltd. is a British Virgin Islands company. A majority of its shares are owned by CTF Holdings,a Gibraltar limited liability company,whose sole shareholder is Crown Finance Foundation,a Liechtenstein foundation.
Dame Lois Marie Browne-Evans DBE JP was a lawyer and political figure in Bermuda. She led the Progressive Labour Party (PLP) in opposition before being appointed Bermuda's first female Attorney-General. She first gained recognition in 1953 as Bermuda's first female barrister. Browne-Evans died of a suspected stroke on 29 May 2007,at age 79.
Leonid Borisovich Rozhetskin was a financier and lawyer who went missing under suspicious circumstances after disappearing from his village in Jūrmala,Latvia. In 2013,remains found nearby the year before were confirmed to be Rozhetskin's.
Richard R. Burt is an American businessman and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Germany and was a chief negotiator of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. Prior to his diplomatic career,Burt worked as director of a non-governmental organization and from 1977 to 1980 was a national security correspondent for The New York Times.
Cyril "C." Eugene Cox was a Bermudian politician. He served as a Bermuda Progressive Labour Party (PLP) MP from Sandys North,as Minister of Finance,and as Deputy Premier. He was the father of Paula Cox,Jeremy Cox,and Robert Cox. Cox first won a seat in Parliament between 1976 and 1980 in Sandys North. Cox was elected Deputy Leader in 1996,and Minister of Finance on 10 November 1998.
Derrick V. Burgess is a Bermudian politician,former labour union leader and hotel executive. The Hon. Derrick V. Burgess was elected Deputy Leader of the Progressive Labour Party and Deputy Premier of Bermuda on 28 October 2010,immediately following the election of the Hon. Paula Cox,JP,MP as Premier of Bermuda. Four days later,he was named Minister of Public Works.
The One Bermuda Alliance (OBA) is one of two political parties in Bermuda with elected members of the Bermuda's legislative assembly. It was created in May 2011 by the merger of most members of Bermuda's two non-Labour parties,the United Bermuda Party and the Bermuda Democratic Alliance. It won the 2012 election and governed until 2017. Since then,it has been the official opposition in Bermuda's House of Assembly.
General elections were held in Bermuda on 17 December 2012 to elect all 36 members of the House of Assembly. The result was a victory for the One Bermuda Alliance,led by Craig Cannonier,which won 19 seats in the House of Assembly. The incumbent Progressive Labour Party (PLP) lost five seats and government,and Premier Paula Cox lost her Devonshire North West seat,and resigned as leader of the PLP the next day,with Derrick Burgess becoming Acting Party Leader. Marc Bean became PLP leader on 22 December 2012.
Craig Cannonier is a Bermudian politician,who served as Premier of Bermuda from 18 December 2012 until his resignation on 19 May 2014. He has also served as the leader of the One Bermuda Alliance since 10 September 2011.
Marc A. Bean is a Bermudian politician,and the former Leader of the Opposition. Bean was a Member of Bermuda's Parliament since winning a by-election in 2010,securing the seat of Warwick South Central for the Bermuda Progressive Labour Party (PLP). Previously,Bean had served in the Bermuda Senate. While in government,Bean held various ministerial and junior ministerial portfolios,including Environment,Planning and Infrastructure Strategy. In September 2020,he announced that he was forming a new political party,the Free Democratic Movement,to contest the 2020 Bermudian general election.
Same-sex marriage is currently not recognised nor performed in Bermuda,a British Overseas Territory,but it was legal between 2017 and 2022. However,marriages performed during that period remain valid.
Edward David Burt is the Premier of Bermuda and leader of the Progressive Labour Party (PLP). Burt is Bermuda's youngest ever premier,having taken office at the age of 38.
Gloria Juanita McPhee OBE was a Bermudian politician who served as a member of the House of Assembly from 1968 to 1980,representing the United Bermuda Party (UBP). She was a government minister from 1968 to 1977,the first woman appointed to the ministry.