| Penicillium catenatum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Eurotiales |
| Family: | Aspergillaceae |
| Genus: | Penicillium |
| Species: | P. catenatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Penicillium catenatum D.B. Scott 1968 [1] | |
| Type strain | |
| ATCC 18543, CBS 352.67, CSIR 1097, FRR 1160, IFO 31774, IFO 9577, IMI 136241, NBRC 31774, NBRC 9577 [2] | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Penicillium catenatum is an anamorph fungus species of the genus of Penicillium . [1] [4] [5]
Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production.
Pseudoviridae is a family of viruses, which includes three genera.
Gymnodinium is a genus of dinoflagellates, a type of marine and freshwater plankton. It is one of the few naked dinoflagellates, or species lacking armor known as cellulosic plates. Since 2000, the species which had been considered to be part of Gymnodinium have been divided into several genera, based on the nature of the apical groove and partial LSU rDNA sequence data. Amphidinium was redefined later. Gymnodinium belong to red dinoflagellates that, in concentration, can cause red tides. The red tides produced by some Gymnodinium, such as Gymnodinium catenatum, are toxic and pose risks to marine and human life, including paralytic shellfish poisoning.
Penicillium roqueforti is a common saprotrophic fungus in the genus Penicillium. Widespread in nature, it can be isolated from soil, decaying organic matter, and plants.
Pusia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Costellariidae.
Penicillium chrysogenum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It is common in temperate and subtropical regions and can be found on salted food products, but it is mostly found in indoor environments, especially in damp or water-damaged buildings. It has been recognised as a species complex that includes P. notatum, P. meleagrinum, and P. cyaneofulvum. Molecular phylogeny has established that Alexander Fleming's first discovered penicillin producing strain is of a distinct species, P. rubens, and not of P. notatum. It has rarely been reported as a cause of human disease. It is the source of several β-lactam antibiotics, most significantly penicillin. Other secondary metabolites of P. chrysogenum include roquefortine C, meleagrin, chrysogine, 6-MSA YWA1/melanin, andrastatin A, fungisporin, secalonic acids, sorbicillin, and PR-toxin.
Penicillium brevicompactum is a mould species in the genus Penicillium.
Calosoma catenatum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Kenya.
Penicillium alicantinum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which was isolated from the atmosphere in Madrid.
Penicillium citrinum is an anamorph, mesophilic fungus species of the genus of Penicillium which produces tanzawaic acid A-D, ACC, Mevastatin, Quinocitrinine A, Quinocitrinine B, and nephrotoxic citrinin. Penicillium citrinum is often found on moldy citrus fruits and occasionally it occurs in tropical spices and cereals. This Penicillium species also causes mortality for the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Because of its mesophilic character, Penicillium citrinum occurs worldwide. The first statin (Mevastatin) was 1970 isolated from this species.
Penicillium confertum is an anamorph fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.
Penicillium dierckxii is a species of the genus of Penicillium which produces citreoviridin and citrinin.
Penicillium sanguifluum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It was first described scientifically in 1912 by Norwegian mycologist Olav Johan Sopp, who called it Citromyces sanguifluus. Philibert Biourge transferred it to the genus Penicillium in 1923. P. sanguifluum is classified in the section Citrina of Penicillium.
Penicillium saturniforme is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium. It was first described in 2009 as a species of Eupenicillium in 2009, but transferred to the genus Penicillium two years later. The fungus was isolated from soil in Jilin Province, China. Phylogenetically close species are P. glabrum, P. lividum, P. purpurascens, P. spinulosum, and P. thomii all of which are in the subgenus Aspergilloides.
Penicillium purpurescens is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which was isolated from soil in Canada. This species is similar to Penicillium glabrum. Penicillium purpurescens produces hadacidin.
Penicillium digitatum is a mesophilic fungus found in the soil of citrus-producing areas. It is a major source of post-harvest decay in fruits and is responsible for the widespread post-harvest disease in Citrus fruit known as green rot or green mould. In nature, this necrotrophic wound pathogen grows in filaments and reproduces asexually through the production of conidiophores and conidia. However, P. digitatum can also be cultivated in the laboratory setting. Alongside its pathogenic life cycle, P. digitatum is also involved in other human, animal and plant interactions and is currently being used in the production of immunologically based mycological detection assays for the food industry.
Penicillium commune is an indoor fungus belonging to the genus Penicillium. It is known as one of the most common fungi spoilage moulds on cheese. It also grows on and spoils other foods such as meat products and fat-containing products like nuts and margarine. Cyclopiazonic acid and regulovasine A and B are the most important mycotoxins produced by P. commune. The fungus is the only known species to be able to produce both penitrem A and roquefortine. Although this species does not produce penicillin, it has shown to have anti-pathogenic activity. There are no known plant, animal or human diseases caused by P. commune.
Penicillium spinulosum is a non-branched, fast-growing fungus with a swelling at the terminal of the stipe (vesiculate) in the genus Penicillium. P. spinulosum is able to grow and reproduce in environment with low temperature and low water availability, and is known to be acidotolerant. P. spinulosum is ubiquitously distributed, and can often be isolated from soil. Each individual strain of P. spinulosum differs from others in their colony morphology, including colony texture, amount of sporulation and roughness of conidia and conidiophores.