Pepper mottle virus

Last updated
Pepper mottle virus
Virus classification Red Pencil Icon.png
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Pepper mottle virus
Synonyms

chilli mottle virus

Arizona pepper virus

Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus [1] in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae . Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, PepMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 737 nm in length. Isolates of this virus has been completely sequenced and its RNA is 9640 nucleotides long. [2] This virus is transmitted by several species of aphids in a nonpersitant manner and by mechanical inoculation. [3]

Contents

Geographic Distribution and Host Range

Pepper mottle was first recognized as a new strain of PVY infecting peppers in Arizona in 1969. [4] In the early 1970s an "atypical" PVY isolate was also found in a survey of pepper fields in central Florida. [5] Up until then, the two most important potyviruses infecting peppers in the US were Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and Potato virus Y (PVY). By 1975 it was clear that a third potyvirus, PepMoV (PeMV), was contributing to crop losses in pepper growing areas of the United States. [6] It has also been found in California, New Mexico, [7] Texas, and in Central America (El Salvador) (3). In 2003, it was reported in C. annuum in Japan. [8]

This virus infects many species of Solanaceae , including several species of Capsicum (i.e. C. annuum, C. frutescens), Datura spp., Lycopersicon esculentum , Physalis floriana, tobacco ( Nicotiana spp.) and nightshade ( Solanum sp.) (2,4). It was its reaction on C. frutescens (Tabasco pepper) that alerted researchers to the presence of a new virus in peppers.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of PepMoV on pepper include dark green vein banding, mottle/mosaic, puckered or crinkled leaves, and misshapen fruit. Plants infected early in the growing season can be stunted and the virus can decrease yield significantly. (See pictures of symptoms)

Surveys [9] have shown that PepMoV can often occur in mixed infections with TEV and/or PVY so a technique such as ELISA must be used to differentiate these three virus in pepper. Antiserum is available for all three potyviruses, as are primers for PCR tests and sequencing.

PepMoV makes two types of inclusions in infected cells, the typical cylindrical inclusions (CI) [10] and an amorphous inclusion (AI). Thus leaf strips stained with the protein stain, OG, and the nucleic acid stain, AA, [11] can be used to identify this virus in pepper. [12] The CI only stains in OG while the AI stains in both stains.

Symptoms and Inclusions of PepMoV in Capsicum annuum

Related Research Articles

<i>Potyvirus</i> genus of viruses

Potyvirus is a genus of viruses in the family Potyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 183 species in this genus including the type species Potato virus Y. The genus is named after the type virus. Potyviruses account for ~30% of the currently known plant viruses. Like begomoviruses, members of this genus may cause significant losses in agricultural, pastoral, horticultural and ornamental crops. More than 200 species of aphids spread potyviruses and most are from the subfamily Aphidinae.

Asparagus virus 1 (AV-1) is one of the nine known viruses that affects asparagus plants. It is in the Potyviridae family. Initially reported by G. L Hein in 1960, it is a member of the genus Potyvirus and causes no distinct symptoms in asparagus plants. The only known plant that can get AV-1 is asparagus plants. It is spread by aphids vectors, which means that aphids do not cause the AV-1, but they do spread it.

Bean yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 750 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation.

Bidens mottle virus (BiMoV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the plant virus family Potyviridae. BiMoV is a flexuous filamentous particle, 720 nm long, and belongs to the Potyviridae genus Potyvirus. Like other viruses in this genus, Bidens mottle virus is transmitted both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion.

Clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the virus family Alphaflexiviridae. Its flexous rod-shaped particles measure about 539 nm in length.

<i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. It is the type member of the plant virus genus, Cucumovirus. This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range. In fact it has the reputation of having the widest host range of any known plant virus. It can be transmitted from plant to plant both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion. It can also be transmitted in seeds and by the parasitic weeds, Cuscuta sp. (dodder).

Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. PapMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 530 nm in length.

Peanut mottle virus(PeMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. As with other members of this virus family, PeMoV is a flexuous filamentous virus with particles 740-750 nm long. It is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation. It was first given its name in 1965 when it was isolated from peanuts in Georgia, USA. This virus was found to be seed transmitted in this host.

<i>Pepper mild mottle virus</i> Species of virus

Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus that occurs worldwide on species of field grown bell, hot and ornamental pepper species. It is caused by members of the plant virus genus Tobamovirus- otherwise known as the tobacco mosaic virus family. Tobamovirus are viruses that contain positive sense RNA genomes that infect plants. Symptoms of the disease vary depending on the cultivar. Typical symptoms include the chlorosis of leaves, stunting, and distorted and lumpy fruiting structures. The virus is spread by mechanical transmission and infected seeds. Avoidance is the best means of controlling the disease because once a plant is infected it cannot be treated. Only seeds that have been tested and treated for the pathogen should be planted.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production.

White clover mosaic virus (WClMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. WClMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 480 nm in length and 13 nm wide.

Tobacco etch virus (TEV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, TEV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 730 nm in length. It is transmissible in a non-persistent manner by more than 10 species of aphids including Myzus persicae. It also is easily transmitted by mechanical means but is not known to be transmitted by seeds.

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. It is most widely recognized as one of the most regularly occurring causal agents of sweet potato viral disease (SPVD) and is currently observed in every continent except Antarctica. The number of locations where it is found is still increasing; generally, it is assumed that the virus is present wherever its host is. The virus has four strains that are found in varying parts of the world.

<i>Orthotospovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Orthotospovirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses, in the family Tospoviridae of the order Bunyavirales, which infects plants. Tospoviruses take their name from the type species tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) which was discovered in Australia in 1919. The type species remained the only member of the family until the early 1990s when genetic characterisation of plant viruses became more common. There are now at least twenty species in the genus with more being discovered on a regular basis. Member viruses infect over eight hundred plant species from 82 different families.

Apium virus Y (ApVY) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae.

<i>Celery mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae .

Commelina mosaic virus (CoMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, CoMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 707-808 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by two species of aphids, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, and by mechanical inoculation.

Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, ClYVV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 760 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by several species of aphids in a nonpersistent manner and by mechanical inoculation.

Passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the genus Potyvirus, PWV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 745 nm in length.

<i>Watermelon mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) also known as Marrow mosaic virus, Melon mosaic virus, and until recently Watermelon mosaic virus type 2 (WMV-2), is a plant pathogenic virus that causes viral infection in many different plants. First described on squash in Florida, WMV arose from a unique recombination of genetic material contributed by Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) along with Peanut Stripe virus (PSV).

References

  1. ↑ "About Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  2. ↑ Vance, V. B.; Moore, D.; Turpen, T. H.; Bracker, A.; Hollowell, V. C. (November 1992). "The complete nucleotide sequence of pepper mottle virus genomic RNA: comparison of the encoded polyprotein with those of other sequenced potyviruses". Virology. 191 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90162-i. PMID   1413501.
  3. ↑ Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net.
  4. ↑ M.R. Nelson and R.E. Wheeler. A new virus disease of pepper in Arizona. Pl. Dis. Reptr. 56: 731, 1972.
  5. ↑ T. A. Zitter. Naturally occurring pepper virus strains in South Florida. Pl.Dis. Reptr. 56 586, 1972
  6. ↑ "Purcifull, Zitter & Hiebert. Phytopathology 65: 559, 1975" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-15.
  7. ↑ "M.R. Nelson and R.E Wheeler. Phtopathology 68:979-984, 1978" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-15.
  8. ↑ Ogawa, Yoshihiro; Hagiwara, Kyoji; Iwai, Hisashi; Izumi, Shoichi; Arai, Kei (1 October 2003). "First Report of Pepper mottle virus on Capsicum annuum in Japan". Journal of General Plant Pathology. 69 (5): 348–350. doi:10.1007/s10327-003-0059-6. S2CID   35530545.
  9. ↑ "M.R. Nelson and R.E Wheeler. Phytopathology 68:979-984, 1978" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-15.
  10. ↑ "PotyEM / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2017-12-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ "Diagnosis / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.freshfromflorida.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.