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Eli Yablonovitch is an American physicist and engineer who,along with Sajeev John founded the field of photonic crystals in 1987. He and his team were the first to create a 3-dimensional structure that exhibited a full photonic bandgap,which has been named Yablonovite. In addition to pioneering photonic crystals,he was the first to recognize that a strained quantum-well laser has a significantly reduced threshold current compared to its unstrained counterpart. This is now employed in the majority of semiconductor lasers fabricated throughout the world. His seminal paper reporting inhibited spontaneous emission in photonic crystals is among the most highly cited papers in physics and engineering.
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect,a phenomenon studied in physics,photochemistry,and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially utilized for electricity generation and as photosensors.
In the 19th century,it was observed that the sunlight striking certain materials generates detectable electric current - the photoelectric effect. This discovery has laid the foundation of solar cells. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications. They have historically been used in situations where electrical power from the grid was unavailable.
The photovoltaic effect is the generation of voltage and electric current in a material upon exposure to light. It is a physical and chemical phenomenon.
A solar cell,or photovoltaic cell,is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect,which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell,defined as a device whose electrical characteristics,such as current,voltage,or resistance,vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules,known colloquially as solar panels. The common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 volts to 0.6 volts.
A solar cell panel,solar electric panel,photo-voltaic (PV) module or just solar panel is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel,and a system of PV panels is called an array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment.
Energy Conversion Devices (ECD) was an American photovoltaics manufacturer of thin-film solar cells made of amorphous silicon used in flexible laminates and in building-integrated photovoltaics. The company was also a manufacturer of rechargeable batteries and other renewable energy related products. ECD was headquartered in Rochester Hills,Michigan.
Martin Andrew Green is an Australian engineer and professor at the University of New South Wales who works on solar energy. He was awarded the 2021 Japan Prize for his achievements in the "Development of High-Efficiency Silicon Photovoltaic Devices". He is editor-in-chief of the academic journal Progress in Photovoltaics.
Allen M. Barnett was a research professor of electrical engineering at the University of Delaware. He was the principal investigator of the DARPA-funded Consortium for Very High Efficiency Solar cells. Barnett was the founder and CEO of solar-cell producer Astropower,Inc.
Hans K. Ziegler was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites.
Sharp Solar,a subsidiary of Sharp Electronics,is a solar energy products company owned by Sharp Corporation and based in Osaka,Japan.
Solar power is the conversion of renewable energy from sunlight into electricity,either directly using photovoltaics (PV),indirectly using concentrated solar power,or a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect.
Stuart Wenham was,at the time of his death,the director of the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Silicon Photovoltaics and Photonics and Director of Academic Studies of the School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of New South Wales.
Christopher R. Wronski was an electrical engineer and Professor Emeritus at Pennsylvania State University,noted for his pioneering research in photovoltaic cells including discovery of amorphous silicon solar cell and the Staebler–Wronski effect.
There are currently many research groups active in the field of photovoltaics in universities and research institutions around the world. This research can be categorized into three areas:making current technology solar cells cheaper and/or more efficient to effectively compete with other energy sources;developing new technologies based on new solar cell architectural designs;and developing new materials to serve as more efficient energy converters from light energy into electric current or light absorbers and charge carriers.
Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell.
Larry C. Olsen was a pioneer in the commercialization of betavoltaic technology due to his successful work in leading the development of the first commercially available betavoltaic nuclear battery at McDonnell Douglas Corporation in the 1970s.[,] Several hundred of these batteries were fabricated and a large number were used to power implanted heart pacemakers[]. Olsen has published more than 80 articles in the fields of betavoltaics,photovoltaics,thermoelectric materials,and solid state physics. He has also earned several awards for his research,including the R&D 100 Award,presented each year by R&D Magazine to identify the 100 most significant,newly introduced research and development advances in multiple disciplines.
Polarizing organic photovoltaics (ZOPV) is a concept for harvesting energy from Liquid crystal display screens,developed by engineers from UCLA. This concept enables devices to use external light and the LCD screen's backlight using photovoltaic polarizers. Photovoltaic polarizers convert this light into electricity which can be used to power the device. This concept also provides multifunctional capability to devices with LCD screens as they act as photovoltaic devices and also as polarisers.
Antonio Luque López is a Spanish scientist and entrepreneur in the field of photovoltaic solar energy. In 1979 he founded the Institute of Solar Energy of the Technical University of Madrid (IES-UPM) and was its director till his retirement in 2017;he is currently its honorary president as well as professor emeritus in this university. He invented the bifacial solar cell in the late 1970s,today one of the mainstream solar cell technologies,and founded Isofoton in 1981 for its industrial production. He is,arguably,one of the fathers of the science and technology of concentrator photovoltaics and has been active in the research and development of high-efficiency photovoltaic conversion devices,inventing the intermediate band solar cell.
Sarah R. Kurtz is an American materials scientist known for her research on solar energy and photovoltaics,including the application of multi-junction solar cells in robotic spacecraft. Formerly a research fellow at the National Center for Photovoltaics and principal scientist at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,she is a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of California,Merced.
References
- ↑ "Peter Iles". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ↑ "NZ university graduates 1870–1961: I–K". Shadows of Time. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "California, U.S., federal naturalization records, 1843–1999" . Ancestry.com Operations. 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "Solar cell history" . Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "William R. Cherry Award". IEEE. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ Iles, Peter A. (2004). "Photovoltaic Conversion: Space Applications". In Cleveland, Cutler J. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Energy. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-12-176480-7 . Retrieved 11 February 2021.
