Pratap Manikya

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Pratap Manikya
Maharaja of Tripura
Reignc.1487
Predecessor Ratna Manikya I
Successor Vijaya Manikya I
ConsortSister of Daityanarayan (possibly) [note 1]
Issue Vijaya Manikya I (possibly)
Ratnavati Devi [note 2]
House Manikya dynasty
Father Ratna Manikya I
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Maha Manikya c.1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I 1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I 1462–1487
Pratap Manikya 1487
Vijaya Manikya I 1488
Mukut Manikya 1489
Dhanya Manikya 1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya 1515–1520
Deva Manikya 1520–1530
Indra Manikya I 1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II 1532–1563
Ananta Manikya 1563–1567
Udai Manikya I 1567–1573
Joy Manikya I 1573–1577
Amar Manikya 1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I 1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya 1600
Yashodhar Manikya 1600–1623
Interregnum1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya 1626–1660
Govinda Manikya 1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya 1661–1667
Govinda Manikya 1661–1673
Rama Manikya 1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II 1685–1693
Narendra Manikya 1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya 1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II 1714–1725
Jagat Manikya 1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II 1729
Mukunda Manikya 1729–1739
Joy Manikya II c.1739–1744
Indra Manikya II c.1744–1746
Udai Manikya II c.1744
Joy Manikya II 1746
Vijaya Manikya III 1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya 1740s/1750s
Interregnum1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya 1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II 1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya 1806–1809
Durga Manikya 1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya 1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya 1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya 1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya 1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya 1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya 1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya 1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

Pratap Manikya (d. c.1487) was a Maharaja of Tripura during the late 15th century.

Contents

Reign

Though Pratap Manikya is stated in the Rajmala to be a son of Dharma Manikya I, [3] later scholarship proved this to be chronologically improbable. [4] It is instead believed that he was Dharma's grandson, with his father being Ratna Manikya I. [5] There were also uncertainties regarding the years of Pratap's rule. A coin supposedly minted during his reign bears the year Saka 1412 (1490 CE), though the modern-style script has led to doubts regarding its authenticity. [6] It is notable that Pratap's immediate successors struck coins in 1488 and 1489 respectively. [5]

A younger son of his father, Pratap's rule had been propped up by the support of prominent army generals in opposition to his elder brother Dhanya, against whom he waged a civil war. [7] According to the Rajmala, because of his impiety, Pratap soon lost the support of these nobles, who launched a conspiracy against him. The chronicle continues that due to his formidable physical strength and stoutness, Pratap had to be killed at night while he slept. [8]

He was succeeded in quick succession by the minor Vijaya Manikya (who may have been his son) [1] and Pratap's younger brother Mukut, before the throne finally settled on Dhanya, whose long reign lasted until 1515. [9]

Notes

  1. The army chief Daityanarayan was stated to have been a maternal uncle of Vijaya Manikya I, Pratap's possible son. [1]
  2. Married Bazid, Sultan of Pratapgarh. [2]

Related Research Articles

Rajmala is a chronicle of the Kings of Tripura, written in Bengali verse in the 15th century under Dharma Manikya I.

Twipra Kingdom was one of the largest historical kingdoms of the Twipra people in the North-east India.

Manikya dynasty

The Manikya dynasty was the ruling house of the Twipra Kingdom and later the princely Tripura State, what is now the Indian state of the same name. Ruling since the early 15th century, the dynasty at its height controlled a large swathe of the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. After coming under British influence, in 1761 they transitioned from feudal monarchs into rulers of a princely state, though the Manikyas maintain control of the region until 1949, when it ascended in union with India.

Dharma Manikya II was the king of Tripura Kingdom from 1713 to 1725 and again in 1729, although his power was greatly diminished in 1732 with the rise to power of Jagat Manikya with the aid of the Nawab of Bengal, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan.

Pratapgarh Kingdom Medieval kingdom in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent

Pratapgarh was a medieval kingdom in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. Composed of the present-day Indian district of Karimganj as well as parts of Tripura State and Sylhet, Bangladesh, the kingdom was ruled by a line of Muslim monarchs over a mixed population of Hindu and Islamic adherents. It was bordered by the larger kingdoms of Kachar, Tripura and Bengal.

Vijaya Manikya I was the Maharaja of Tripura briefly during the late 15th century.

Mukut Manikya was briefly the ruler of Tripura during the late 15th century.

Ratna Manikya I

Ratna Manikya I, also known as Ratna Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1462 to the late 1480s. Though he had gained the throne by overthrowing his predecessor, Ratna's reign was notable for the peace and prosperity it had entailed in the region. He extensively reformed and modernised the government and closely allied it with neighbouring Bengal, resulting in a lasting cultural influence in Tripura.

Dharma Manikya I, also known as Dangar Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1431 to 1462. His reign was notable for its territorial expansions as well as for his religious and cultural contributions.

Maha Manikya, also known as Chhengthung Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from about 1400 to 1431. Contrary to narratives provided by early histories, evidence indicates that Maha Manikya was the founder of the kingdom, having established dominance over neighbouring tribes in the early 15th century. He is further thought to be the first holder of the title "Manikya", taken in recognition of a historic victory over the neighbouring Bengal Sultanate. The dynasty which he founded continued using the title until Tripura's merger with India in 1949.

Yashodhar Manikya, also known as Jashodhar Manikya, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1600 to 1618. His reign is considered to be the nadir of the kingdom's history, with the temporary overthrowing of the monarchy and the region's incorporation into the Mughal Empire.

Chhatra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1661 to 1667.

Govinda Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1660 to 1661 and again from 1667 to 1676. Though viewed as a capable and successful ruler, Govinda's reign was interrupted by his temporary overthrow and usurpation by his younger brother.

Vijaya Manikya II, also spelt Vijay or Bijoy, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1532 to 1563. Succeeding to the throne at a young age, Vijaya proved himself to be a formidable military leader, initiating a series of conquests into several surrounding kingdoms, including the powerful Bengal Sultanate. During Vijaya's reign, the might and influence of Tripura reached its zenith, leading to him being viewed as one of its greatest monarchs.

Lakshman Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura during the mid-18th-century, though he maintained little actual power, having acted only as a puppet-monarch under Shamsher Gazi.

Mahendra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1712 to 1714.

Narendra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1693 to 1695.

Mukunda Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1729 to 1739.

Joy Manikya II was the Maharaja of Tripura during the mid-18th-century. He originally gained the throne through popular approval for his military hostility to the Mughal Empire. However, Joy spent much of his reign warring against various relations to maintain his grip on it, in particular with his cousin Indra Manikya II.

Udai Manikya II was the Maharaja of Tripura briefly during the mid-18th-century, having laid claim to the throne during a power struggle between his relatives Joy Manikya II and Indra Manikya II.

References

  1. Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 16.
  2. Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1910]. Srihatter Itibritta: Purbangsho (in Bengali). Kolkata: Kotha. p. 291.
  3. Durlabhendra; Sukheshwar; Baneshwar (1999). Sri Rajmala. Translated by Kailāsa Candra Siṃha; N.C. Nath. Agartala: Tribal Research Institute, Govt. of Tripura. p. 60.
  4. Saha, Sudhanshu Bikash (1986). Tribes of Tripura: A Historical Survey. Agartala: Rupali Book House. p. 168.
  5. 1 2 Gan-Chaudhuri, Jagadis (1980). Tripura, the land and its people. Leeladevi Publications. p. 21. ISBN   9788121004480.
  6. Bose, S.K. (1989). "A Silver Coin of Dhanya Manikya". The Journal of the Numismatic Society of India. Numismatic Society of India, P.O. Hindu University. 51: 35.
  7. Choudhury (2000 , p. 290)
  8. Durlabhendra, Sukheshwar & Baneshwar (1999 , p. 60)
  9. Chib, Sukhdev Singh (1988). This Beautiful Indian: Tripura. Ess Ess Publications. p. 8. ISBN   978-81-7000-039-6.