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The Manikya dynasty was the ruling house of the Twipra Kingdom and later the princely Tripura State, what is now the Indian state of Tripura. Ruling since the early 15th century, the dynasty at its height controlled a large swathe of the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. After coming under British influence, in 1761 they transitioned from feudal monarchs into rulers of a princely state, though the Manikyas maintain control of the region until 1949, when it ascended in union with India.
Dharma Manikya I, also known as Dangar Fa, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1431 to 1462. His reign was notable for its territorial expansions as well as for his religious and cultural contributions.
Yashodhar Manikya, also known as Jashodhar Manikya, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1600 to 1618. His reign is considered to be the nadir of the kingdom's history, with the temporary overthrowing of the monarchy and the region's incorporation into the Mughal Empire.
Kalyan Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1626 to 1660. Reigning in the aftermath of an occupation by the Mughal Empire, Kalyan did much to restore the kingdom, though it remained in a continuous state of war with the Mughals.
Chhatra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1661 to 1667.
Rama Manikya, also called Ram Manikya or Ramdev Manikya, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1676 to 1685.
Vijaya Manikya II, also spelt Vijay or Bijoy, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1532 to 1563. Succeeding to the throne at a young age, Vijaya proved himself to be a formidable military leader, initiating a series of conquests into several surrounding kingdoms, including the powerful Bengal Sultanate. During Vijaya's reign, the might and influence of Tripura reached its zenith, leading to him being viewed as one of its greatest monarchs.
Deva Manikya, also spelt Deb Manikya, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1520 to 1530. A son of the famous Dhanya Manikya, Deva initially continued his father's legacy of military conquests, though he ultimately proved to be less successful. A religiously zealous monarch, he was eventually killed in a conspiracy orchestrated by his spiritual guru.
Mahendra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1712 to 1714.
Narendra Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1693 to 1695.
Mukunda Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1729 to 1739.
Ratna Manikya II was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1685 to 1693 and again from 1695 to 1712.
Rajdhar Manikya I, also spelt Rajadhara Manikya, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1586 to 1600. Formerly a warrior-prince who fought with distinction during his father's reign, upon his own ascension to the throne, Rajdhar showed little interest in such matters, instead becoming occupied with religious pursuits. The decline of Tripura is thought to have begun during his reign.
Ishwar Manikya was briefly the Maharaja of Tripura at the close of the 16th century.
Ananta Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1563 to 1567. A weak monarch in comparison to his predecessor, he spent his reign under the control of his influential father-in-law. He died after only a few short years of rule, potentially at the latter's hands.
Udai Manikya I, also known as Gopi Prasad, was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1567 to 1572. Though from a lowly background, he later rose to become one of the most powerful figures in the kingdom. Following the death of the previous monarch, his son-in-law, Udai took royal power himself, for a time supplanting the ruling dynasty with his own line.
Joy Manikya I was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1573 to 1577.
Amar Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1577 to 1586.
Indra Manikya II was the Maharaja of Tripura during the mid-18th-century. His reign was spent struggling for control of the kingdom with his relative Joy Manikya II.
Udai Manikya II was the Maharaja of Tripura briefly during the mid-18th-century, having laid claim to the throne during a power struggle between his relatives Joy Manikya II and Indra Manikya II.
References
- ↑ Sarma, Ramani Mohan (1987). Political History of Tripura. Calcutta: Puthipatra. p. 128.
- ↑ Sarma (1987), p. 131.
- ↑ Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1910], Srihatter Itibritta: Purbangsho (in Bengali), Kolkata: Kotha, p. 502
- 1 2 3 Gan-Chaudhuri, Jagadis (1980). Tripura, the land and its people. Leeladevi. p. 31. ISBN 9788121004480.
- ↑ Sarma (1987), p. 127.
- 1 2 3 Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). Tripura through the ages: a short history of Tripura from the earliest times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 34.
- ↑ Sarma (1987 , pp. 128–29)
- 1 2 Chib, Sukhdev Singh (1988). Tripura. Ess Ess Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7000-039-6.
- ↑ Playne, Somerset; J.W, Bond (1917). Arnold Wright (ed.). Bengal and Assam, Behar and Orissa: Their History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources. London: Foreign and Colonial Compiling and Publishing Company. p. 469.
- ↑ Sarma (1987 , p. 130)
- ↑ Sarma, Ramani Mohan (1980). Coinage of Tripura. Numismatic Society of India. p. 8.
- ↑ Sarma (1987 , pp. 131, 233)