Public data network

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A public data network (PDN) is a network established and operated by a telecommunications administration, or a recognized private operating agency, for the specific purpose of providing data transmission services for the public.

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The first experimental public packet switching networks, RETD in Spain and RCP in France were deployed in 1972. "Public data network" was the common name given to the collection of X.25 providers, the first of which were Telenet in the United States and DATAPAC in Canada in 1976, and Transpac in France in 1978. The International Packet Switched Service became the first commercial and international packet-switched network in 1978. The networks were interconnected with gateways using X.75. These combined networks had large global coverage during the 1980s and into the 1990s. The networks later provided the infrastructure for the early Internet.

Description

Representatives of PTTs and private companies who championed the development of X.25-based networks and services in Europe, North America and Japan. CCITT SGVII X25 Advocates.jpg
Representatives of PTTs and private companies who championed the development of X.25-based networks and services in Europe, North America and Japan.

In communications, a PDN is a circuit- or packet-switched network that is available to the public and that can transmit data in digital form. A PDN provider is a company that provides access to a PDN and that provides any of X.25, Frame Relay, or cell relay (ATM) services. [1] Access to a PDN generally includes a guaranteed bandwidth, known as the committed information rate (CIR). Costs for the access depend on the guaranteed rate. PDN providers differ in how they charge for temporary increases in required bandwidth (known as surges). Some use the amount of overrun; others use the surge duration. [2]

History

Experimental packet switching networks preceded the first public data networks which came into operation in the 1970s. Early examples include: Telenet in the United States, which began operation with proprietary protocols and adopted X.25 protocols shortly after they were published in 1976; DATAPAC in Canada, also in 1976, which was the first PDN specifically designed for X.25; [3] RCP/Transpac in France in 1972/1978; EIN/Euronet in the EEC in 1976/1979; EPSS/Packet Switch Stream, in the United Kingdom in 1977/1980; AUSTPAC in Australia 1982; and RETD/Iberpac in Spain, which was the first experimental PDN in 1972 and adopted X.25 in the 1980s. [4] [5] [6] Tymnet and CompuServe in the United States also adopted X.25.

The International Packet Switched Service was the first commercial and international packet-switched network. It was a collaboration between British and American telecom companies that became operational in 1978. [7] [3] [8]

The SITA Data Transport Network for airlines adopted X.25 in 1981, becoming the world's most extensive packet-switching network. [9] [10] [11]

The networks were interconnected with gateways using X.75. These combined networks had large global coverage during the 1980s and into the 1990s. [12] [13] [14]

Over time, other packet-switching technologies, including Frame Relay (FR) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) gradually replaced X.25. [15]

Many of these networks later adopted TCP/IP and provided the infrastructure for the early Internet. [16] [17]

Public switched data network

A public switched data network (PSDN) is a network for providing data services via a system of multiple wide area networks, similar in concept to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). [18] A PSDN may use a variety of switching technologies, including packet switching, circuit switching, and message switching. [18] A packet-switched PSDN may also be called a packet-switched data network. [19] [20]

Originally the term PSDN referred only to Packet Switch Stream (PSS), an X.25-based packet-switched network in the United Kingdom, mostly used to provide leased-line connections between local area networks and the Internet using permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).[ citation needed ] Today, the term may refer not only to Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), both providing PVCs, but also to Internet Protocol (IP), GPRS, and other packet-switching techniques.

Whilst there are several technologies that are superficially similar to the PSDN, such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and the digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies, they are not examples of it.[ citation needed ] ISDN utilizes the PSTN circuit-switched network, and DSL uses point-to-point circuit switching communications overlaid on the PSTN local loop (copper wires), usually utilized for access to a packet-switched broadband IP network.

Public data transmission service

A public data transmission service is a data transmission service that is established and operated by a telecommunication administration, or a recognized private operating agency, and uses a public data network. A public data transmission service may include Circuit Switched Data, packet-switched, and leased line data transmission.

See also

Related Research Articles

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Telenet was an American commercial packet-switched network which went into service in 1975. It was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. Various commercial and government interests paid monthly fees for dedicated lines connecting their computers and local networks to this backbone network. Free public dialup access to Telenet, for those who wished to access these systems, was provided in hundreds of cities throughout the United States.

DATAPAC, or Datapac in some documents, was Canada's packet switched X.25-equivalent data network. Initial work on a data-only network started in 1972 and was announced by Bell Canada in 1974 as Dataroute. DATAPAC was implemented by adding packet switching to the existing Dataroute networks. It opened for use in 1976 as the world's first public data network designed specifically for X.25.

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References

  1. ↑ ( Schatt 1991 , p. 207).
  2. ↑ Stokes, A. V. (2014-05-23). Communications Standards: State of the Art Report 14:3. Elsevier. ISBN   978-1-4831-6093-1.
  3. 1 2 Rybczynski, Tony (2009). "Commercialization of packet switching (1975-1985): A Canadian perspective [History of Communications]". IEEE Communications Magazine. 47 (12): 26–31. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350364. ISSN   1558-1896. S2CID   23243636.
  4. ↑ Alarcia, G.; Herrera, S. (1974). "C.T.N.E.'s PACKET SWITCHING NETWORK. ITS APPLICATIONS". Proceedings of 2nd ICCC 74. pp. 163–170.
  5. ↑ Cuenca, L. (1980). "A PUBLIC PACKET SWITCHING DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK: EIGHT YEARS OF OPERATING EXPERIENCE". Conference Record of ICC 80. IEEE. pp. 39.3.1–39.3.5.
  6. ↑ Lavandera, Luis (1980). "ARCHITECTURE, PROTOCOLS AND PERFORMANCE OF RETD". Conference Record of ICC 80. IEEE. pp. 28.4.1–28.4.5.
  7. ↑ Roberts, L.G. (1978). "The evolution of packet switching". Proceedings of the IEEE. 66 (11): 1307–1313. doi:10.1109/PROC.1978.11141. ISSN   1558-2256. S2CID   26876676.
  8. ↑ Schwartz, Mischa (2010). "X.25 Virtual Circuits - TRANSPAC IN France - Pre-Internet Data Networking [History of communications]". IEEE Communications Magazine. 48 (11): 40–46. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2010.5621965. ISSN   1558-1896. S2CID   23639680.
  9. ↑ "SITA History". About SITA > What we do. SITA. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  10. ↑ Rybczynski, Tony (2009). "Commercialization of packet switching (1975–1985): A Canadian perspective [History of Communications]". IEEE Communications Magazine. 47 (12): 26–31. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350364. S2CID   23243636.
  11. ↑ "Airline Control System".
  12. ↑ Davies & Bressan 2010 , pp.  2, 9
  13. ↑ Ikram, Nadeem (1985). Internet Protocols and a Partial Implementation of CCITT X.75 (Thesis). p. 2. OCLC   663449435, 1091194379. Two main approaches to internetworking have come into existence based upon the virtual circuit and the datagram services. The vast majority of the work on interconnecting networks falls into one of these two approaches: The CCITT X.75 Recommendation; The DoD Internet Protocol (IP).
  14. ↑ Unsoy, Mehmet S.; Shanahan, Theresa A. (1981). "X.75 internetworking of Datapac and Telenet". ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review. 11 (4): 232–239. doi:10.1145/1013879.802679.
  15. ↑ Titus, Tim. "42 Dead Networking Technologies and What Killed Them". www.pathsolutions.com. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  16. ↑ Council, National Research; Sciences, Division on Engineering and Physical; Board, Computer Science and Telecommunications; Applications, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and; Committee, NII 2000 Steering (1998-02-05). The Unpredictable Certainty: White Papers. National Academies Press. ISBN   978-0-309-17414-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ ( Schatt 1991 , p. 200).
  18. 1 2 Bagad (2009). Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks. Technical Publications. p. 344. ISBN   9788184315905 . Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  19. ↑ Hura and Singal (2001). Data and Computer Communications: Networking and Internetworking. CRC Press. p. 1168. ISBN   9780849309281 . Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  20. ↑ Mazda, Fraidoon (2013). Focal Illustrated Dictionary of Telecommunications. Taylor & Francis. p. 704. ISBN   9781136121029 . Retrieved 25 November 2016.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22.

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