The economy of Indonesia is a mixed economy with dirigiste characteristics,and it is one of the emerging market economies in the world and the largest in Southeast Asia. As an upper-middle income country and member of the G20,Indonesia is classified as a newly industrialized country. Estimated at over 21 quadrillion rupiah in 2023,it is the 16th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the 7th largest in terms of GDP (PPP). Indonesia's internet economy reached US$77 billion in 2022,and is expected to cross the US$130 billion mark by 2025. Indonesia depends on the domestic market and government budget spending and its ownership of state-owned enterprises. The administration of prices of a range of basic goods also plays a significant role in Indonesia's market economy. However,since the 1990s,the majority of the economy has been controlled by individual Indonesians and foreign companies.
Abdurrahman Wahid,though more colloquially known as Gus Dur,was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the 4th president of Indonesia,from his election in 1999 until he was removed from office in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization,he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim,and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. He had a visual impairment caused by glaucoma,he was blind in the left eye and partially blind in his right eye. He was the first and to date the only president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,commonly referred to by his initials SBY,is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. A member of the Democratic Party of Indonesia,he served as the 4th leader of the Democratic Party from 2014 until 2020,8th and 10th Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security Affairs of Indonesia from 2000 until 2001,and again from 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Assembly and chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia's hosting of the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
The Bandung Institute of Technology is a national research university located in Bandung,Indonesia. Since its establishment in 1920,ITB has been consistently recognized as Indonesia's premier STEM-based academic institution and reserves its place among the country's top elite universities. It has produced many notable leaders in science,engineering,politics,business,academia,and culture.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia,which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation,the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
PT Pertamina (Persero) is an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation based in Jakarta. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin (established 1961) and Permina (established in 1957). In 2020,the firm was the third-largest crude oil producer in Indonesia behind US-based companies ExxonMobil's Mobil Cepu Ltd and Chevron Pacific Indonesia. According to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 list,of which the company is included,Pertamina is the largest company in Indonesia.
Rilwanu Lukman was a Nigerian engineer who held several ministerial positions in the Nigerian Federal government before becoming Secretary General of OPEC from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2000. He died on 21 July 2014. On 18 December 2008,Lukman was appointed Minister of Petroleum Resources by Nigerian president Umaru Yar'Adua,holding office until March 2010.
Aburizal Bakrie is an Indonesian politician and a widely recognised successful businessman in Indonesia via his conglomerate Bakrie Group. From 2004 until 2005 Bakrie served as Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Economy. From 2005 until 2009 he served as Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare. Since 2009,Bakrie served as the Chairman of the Golkar Party up to late 2014,and resumed chairmanship in May 2015.
Agum Gumelar is a politician and former general of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He is a former minister having held several positions,a former chairman of Indonesian Football Association and National Sports Committee of Indonesia. He is an alumnus of the National Military Academy in Magelang,Central Java and Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University in Bandung,West Java. In 1998,he received a master's degree from American World University,an organization forbidden to operate in 2005 because of its diploma mill action.
The National Unity Cabinet was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed after Wahid and Megawati were elected President and Vice President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Cabinet was originally designed to look after the interests of the various political parties and the Indonesian National Armed Forces but this notion quickly disappeared as Wahid's presidency began to break down.
Mohammad Sadli was a leading Indonesian policymaker and economist.
The ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) is a free-trade area among the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the People's Republic of China.
In 2019,the total energy production in Indonesia is 450.79 Mtoe,with a total primary energy supply is 231.14 Mtoe and electricity final consumption is 263.32 TWh. Energy use in Indonesia has been long dominated by fossil resources. Once a major oil exporter in the world and joined OPEC in 1962,the country has since become a net oil importer despite still joined OPEC until 2016,making it the only net oil importer member in the organization. Indonesia is also the fourth-largest biggest coal producer and one of the biggest coal exporter in the world,with 24,910 million tons of proven coal reserves as of 2016,making it the 11th country with the most coal reserves in the world. In addition,Indonesia has abundant renewable energy potential,reaching almost 417,8 gigawatt (GW) which consisted of solar,wind,hydro,geothermal energy,ocean current,and bioenergy,although only 2,5% have been utilized. Furthermore,Indonesia along with Malaysia,have two-thirds of ASEAN's gas reserves with total annual gas production of more than 200 billion cubic meters in 2016.
The US-ASEAN Business Council is an advocacy group that aims to foster economic growth and trade ties between the United States and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s ten member countries. It is the only U.S.-based organization enshrined in the ASEAN charter. Headquartered in Washington,DC,the Council has offices in New York City,Indonesia,Malaysia,Philippines,Singapore,Thailand,Vietnam,and Myanmar. The Council represents more than 170 of the largest US corporations.
The Ministry of Communications and Informatics is an Indonesian government ministry that is responsible for communications,information affairs and internet censorship. The ministry reports to the president and is currently led by Budi Arie Setiadi,the Minister of Communications and Informatics.
Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono is a politician and member of House of Representatives,Indonesia. Edhie is the second son of the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia,Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the younger brother of Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono.
The Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement is a bilateral agreement signed between Indonesia and Japan on 20 August 2007 and having been in force since 1 July 2008. Initiated by Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi,it was Indonesia's first bilateral free trade agreement. Since 2013,Indonesia has requested a review of the terms of the agreement,and negotiations are currently underway.
National Resilience Institute is an Indonesian Non-Ministerial Government Agency tasked with carrying out government duties in the field of education for national leaders,strategic assessment of national resilience and strengthening of national values.
Amarulla Octavian is an Indonesian vice admiral and defense scientist. Prior his appointment as Deputy Chairman of National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN),he was a professor and rector of Indonesian Defense University[id].
