Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RACGAP1 gene. [5]
Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RACGAP1 gene. [5]
Rho GTPases control a variety of cellular processes. There are 3 subtypes of Rho GTPases in the Ras superfamily of small G proteins: RHO (see MIM 165370), RAC (see RAC1; MIM 602048), and CDC42 (MIM 116952). GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) bind activated forms of Rho GTPases and stimulate GTP hydrolysis. Through this catalytic function, Rho GAPs negatively regulate Rho-mediated signals. GAPs may also serve as effector molecules and play a role in signaling downstream of Rho and other Ras-like GTPases.[supplied by OMIM]. [6] Over-expression of RACGAP1 is observed in multiple human cancers including breast cancer, [7] gastric cancer [8] and colorectal cancer. [9] Evidence show that RACGAP1 can modulate mitochondrial quality control by stimulating mitopahy and mitochondrial biogenesis in breast cancer. [10] [11] Knocking out RACGAP1 in vitro using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to cytokinesis failure. [12]
RACGAP1 has been shown to interact with ECT2, [13] Rnd2 [14] and SLC26A8. [15]
During cytokinesis, RACGAP1 has been shown to interact with KIF23 to form the centralspindlin complex. [16] This complex is essential for the formation of the central spindle. RACGAP1 also interacts with PRC1 to stabilize and maintain the central spindle as anaphase proceeds. [17] RACGAP1 can also interact with ECT2 during anaphase of cytokinesis, loss of RACGAP1 leads to cytokinesis failure. [18]
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