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A linear particle accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates charged subatomic particles or ions to a high speed by subjecting them to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline. The principles for such machines were proposed by Gustav Ising in 1924, while the first machine that worked was constructed by Rolf Widerøe in 1928 at the RWTH Aachen University. Linacs have many applications: they generate X-rays and high energy electrons for medicinal purposes in radiation therapy, serve as particle injectors for higher-energy accelerators, and are used directly to achieve the highest kinetic energy for light particles for particle physics.
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Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a type of radiotherapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors, recurrent cancers of the head and neck region, and cutaneous and extracutaneous melanomas. It is a two-step process: first, the patient is injected with a tumor-localizing drug containing the stable isotope boron-10 (10B), which has a high propensity to capture low energy "thermal" neutrons. The neutron cross section of 10B is 1,000 times more than that of other elements, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, or oxygen, that occur in tissue. In the second step, the patient is radiated with epithermal neutrons, the sources of which in the past have been nuclear reactors and now are accelerators that produce higher energy epithermal neutrons. After losing energy as they penetrate tissue, the resultant low energy "thermal" neutrons are captured by the 10B atoms. The resulting decay reaction yields high-energy alpha particles that kill the cancer cells that have taken up enough 10B.
The Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, known as SANAEM, is a nuclear research and training center of Turkey. The organization was established on July 1, 2005, as a subunit of Turkish Atomic Energy Administration at Kazan district in northwest of Ankara on an area of 42.3 ha.
Monitored neutrino beams are facilities for the production of neutrinos with unprecedented control of the flux of particles created inside and outside the facility.
References
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- ↑ "NIBIB - Resources, P41 Biotech Resources by State". www.nibib.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2006-09-29.
- ↑ B.D. Michael, M. Folkard and K.M. Prise. Meeting Report: Microbeam Probes of Cellular Radiation Response, 4th L.H. Gray Workshop, 8–10 July 1993. Int. J. Radiat. Biol.65:503-508 (1994). PMID 7908938
- ↑ Bigelow A, Garty G, Funayama T, Randers-Pehrson G, Brenner D, Geard C. Expanding the question-answering potential of single-cell microbeams at RARAF, USA. J Radiat Res (Tokyo).50 Suppl A:A21-8 (2009). PMID 19346682
- ↑ Belyakov OV et al. Biological effects in unirradiated human tissue induced by radiation damage up to 1 mm away. PNAS102:14203-8 (2005). PMID 1612670
- ↑ Sedelnikova OA et al. DNA double-strand breaks form in bystander cells after microbeam irradiation of three-dimensional human tissue models. '"Cancer Res.67:4295-302 (2007).
- ↑ Bertucci A, Pocock RD, Randers-Pehrson G, and Brenner DJ. Microbeam irradiation of the C. elegans nematode. J. Radiat. Res.50 Suppl A.:A49-54 (2009). PMID 19346684
- ↑ Garty G et al. Design of a novel flow-and-shoot microbeam. Radiat Prot Dosimetry143(2-4):344-348 (2011). PMC 3108275
- ↑ Grad M et al. Optofluidic cell manipulation for a biological microbeam. Rev. Sci. Instrum.84:014301 (2013). doi : 10.1063/1.4774043
- ↑ Buonanno M et al. Microbeam irradiation of C. elegans nematode in microfluidic channels. Radiation and environmental biophysics 1-7 (2013). doi : 10.1007/s00411-013-0485-6