RCA Studio B

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RCA Studio B
RCAStudioB Console.jpg
RCA Studio B
Alternative namesRCA Victor Studios
Little Victor
Home of a Thousand Hits
General information
Address1611 Roy Acuff Place
Town or city Nashville, Tennessee
Coordinates 36°09′00″N86°47′34″W / 36.1500°N 86.7928°W / 36.1500; -86.7928
Website
https://studiob.org

RCA Studio B was a music recording studio built in 1956 in Nashville, Tennessee by RCA Victor. Originally known simply as "RCA Studios," Studio B, along with the larger and later RCA Studio A became known in the 1960s for being an essential factor to the development of the musical production style and sound engineering technique known as the Nashville Sound. In the two decades the studio was in operation, RCA Studio B produced 60 percent of the Billboard magazine's Country chart hits. [1] The studio closed in 1977.

Contents

The studio is located centrally in the Nashville's historic Music Row district. Since 1992 the studio has been under the ownership of the Country Music Hall of Fame, which offers scheduled tours of the facilities.

Early history

After years of using portable equipment to record projects in various recording facilities around Nashville, in 1954 Steve Sholes and Chet Atkins established RCA Victor's first Nashville recording facility within the Methodist Television Radio & Film Commission building at 1525 McGavock Street. [2] [3] In January, 1956, Sholes and Atkins produced a session with Elvis Presley, during which he recorded the song Heartbreak Hotel that would become his first gold record and the biggest-selling single of 1956. The building on McGavock Street that housed this recording studio was demolished in 2006 for a parking lot. [4]

Studio

With Atkins and Sholes establishing RCA Victor's Nashville operations, the company sought to build a recording studio. The company's chief engineer and recording manager Bill Milttenburg drew building plans on a dinner napkin and Dan Maddox, a local businessman, offered to construct the building as an investment. Four months later, in November 1957, the pastel cinderblock building located at 1611 Hawkins Street (later re-named Roy Acuff Place) was completed at a cost of $37,515, [1] and Maddox leased it to RCA for the next twenty years. [5]

Business offices resided in the single-story front of the building, with studio facilities in the rear. The studio measured 40.5 by 26.25 feet (12.34 by 8.00 m), with a 13 feet (4.0 m) high ceiling. A grand piano, acquired from NBC's Tonight Starring Steve Allen , sat in the corner. The small control room was only 12 feet (3.7 m) deep, and housed an RCA radio station tube console with 12 microphone inputs and four outputs, which fed an Ampex 2-track deck. An echo chamber occupied the second story. [6]

In March, 1959, Bill Porter replaced Bob Ferris, RCA Studio B's first chief engineer, and by June had mixed a number one hit: "The Three Bells" by The Browns. Porter considered the studio's acoustics problematic, with resonant room modes creating an uneven frequency response. To lessen the problem, he took some $60 from the studio's petty cash and bought fiberglass acoustic ceiling panels which he cut into triangles and hung from the ceiling at varying heights; these were dubbed "Porter Pyramids". [7] Porter also marked "X"es on the floor where he discovered, by careful experimentation, the resonant modes to be minimal. Porter positioned lead vocalists, background vocalists, and acoustic guitarists at microphones placed directly over his marks. After these improvements, Don Gibson recorded his album Girls, Guitars and Gibson in the studio. Porter later told an interviewer: "Everybody said, 'God, what a different sound!'" [8]

Porter also preferred the luminous echo of the studio's EMT 140 plate reverb rather than its echo chamber, keeping the plates chilled in the air conditioned room to brighten their sound. [1]

In 1960 and 1961, an addition was built to provide office space and rooms for tape mastering and a lacquer mastering lab.

Nashville painter and singer/songwriter Gil Veda—introduced to the Grand Ole Opry crowd as "The Spanish Hank Williams" in 1962—was the first Hispanic singer to record at RCA's Studio B. [9]

In her 1994 memoir, My Life And Other Unfinished Business, Dolly Parton recounted how she was rushing to her first recording session at Studio B in October 1967 (shortly after having signed with RCA Victor) and, in her haste to make the session on time, drove her car through the side wall of the building. She noted that the spot where her car impacted the building is still visible. [10] [11]

Production style

Quonset Hut Studio, RCA Studio B, and later RCA Studio A, were essential locations to the development of the "Nashville Sound." Chet Atkins and the production team at RCA Studio B, notably Steve Sholes, Owen Bradley, Bob Ferguson, and Bill Porter produced studio recordings in the Nashville Sound style, a sophisticated style characterized by background vocals and strings. The Nashville Sound both revived the popularity of country music and helped establish Nashville's reputation as an international recording center, with these three studios at the center of what would become known as Music Row.

Historic landmark

In 1977, the studio was made available to the Country Music Hall of Fame for tours, and in 1992 it was donated to the Country Music Hall of Fame by the late Dan Maddox. Until 2001, it was operated as an attraction when the new home for the Hall of Fame was built in downtown Nashville. From 2001 to 2011 the studio was co-operated by the Country Music Hall of Fame and Belmont University's Mike Curb College of Entertainment and Music Business program, which utilized the studio to teach students basic techniques of analog recording. [12]

In 2012, the National Park Service listed RCA Studio B on the National Register of Historic Places. [13] The same year, operation shifted solely to the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which offers daily scheduled tours of the studio.

List of notable artists recorded

More than 47,000 songs were recorded at RCA Studio B, [14] many by legendary music artists. Elvis Presley is known to have recorded more than two hundred songs at this location. [15]

Following is a list of some notable artists who recorded songs at Studio B.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Cogan, Jim (2003). Temples of Sound. San Francisco: Chronicle Books LLC. pp. 54–63. ISBN   0-8118-3394-1.
  2. ↑ "RCA Victor – 1525 McGavock St". Scotty Moore: The Official Website. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  3. ↑ "Historic Studio Site Being Demolished in Nashville". CMT News. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  4. ↑ "'Heartbreak' Studio Demolished for Parking Lost". NPR.org. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  5. ↑ "About the Historic RCA Studio B". countrymusichalloffacme.org. Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  6. ↑ Jordan, Larry (2011). Jim Reeves: His Untold Story. United States: Page Turner Books International, LLC. p. 240. ISBN   978-0-615-52430-6.
  7. ↑ Fremer, Michael (May 1, 2009). "Mr. Natural: Recording Engineer Bill Porter Part I". MusicAngle.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  8. ↑ Rumble, John W. (1996). "Behind the Board with Bill Porter: Part One". The Journal of Country Music. 18 (1): 33.
  9. ↑ "Music and art mesh in Veda's storied life". www.tnledger.com. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  10. ↑ Dolly Parton (1994). Dolly: My Life And Other Unfinished Business. Harper Collins. ISBN   0-06-017720-9
  11. ↑ "HowStuffWorks "Suggested Itineraries for Visiting Nashville"". September 27, 2008. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Belmont University Recording Studio Facilities". Archived from the original on 2006-08-20.
  13. ↑ "Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 7/09/12 through 7/13/12". National Park Service. July 20, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
  14. ↑ Jordan, Larry (2011). Jim Reeves: His Untold Story. United States: Page Turner Books International, LLC. p. 239. ISBN   978-0-615-52430-6.
  15. ↑ "Studio B Celebrates 60th". StudioB.org. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 "The Artists". Historic RCA Studio B. Nashville, Tennessee: Country Music Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on September 9, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 McClellan, John; Bratic, Deyan (2004). Chet Atkins in Three Dimensions. Vol. 2. Mel Bay Publications. pp. 149–152. ISBN   0-7866-5877-0.
  18. ↑ Cann, Kevin (2010). Any Day Now – David Bowie: The London Years: 1947–1974. Croydon, Surrey: Adelita. pp. 270–271. ISBN   978-0-95520-177-6.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Blakely, Larry (August–September 1982). "Bill Porter: Engineering Elvis" (PDF). Mix. 6 (8–9). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  20. 1 2 3 "Artists Recorded at RCA Studio B". Mike Curb Family Foundation. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  21. ↑ "Monkees Rhino Instant Replay Box Set RHM2 528791". Monkee45s.net. Retrieved February 21, 2024.

36°09′00″N86°47′34″W / 36.149929°N 86.792848°W / 36.149929; -86.792848

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