Raesaenenia

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Raesaenenia
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Raesaenenia
D.Hawksw., Boluda & H.Lindgr. (2015)
Species:
R. huuskonenii
Binomial name
Raesaenenia huuskonenii
(Räsänen) D.Hawksw., C.Boluda & H.Lindgren (2015)
Synonyms
  • Phacopsis huuskoneniiRäsänen (1948)
  • Protousnea huuskonenii(Räsänen) Divakar, A.Crespo & Lumbsch (2017)

Raesaenenia is a fungal genus in the large family Parmeliaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single lichenicolous fungus Raesaenenia huuskonenii, which parasitises lichens of genus Bryoria in the Northern Hemisphere.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by David Leslie Hawksworth, Carlos Boluda, and Hanna Lindgren. The generic name honours Finnish lichenologist Veli Räsänen, [1] who described the type species as Phacopsis huuskonenii in 1948. The type specimen was collected by botanist Avi Johannes Huuskonen from Pielavesi (North Savo, Finland), where it was found on the thallus of the lichen now known as Bryoria implexa . [2]

In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a then-recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species that diverged within the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed to synonymize Raesaenenia with Protousnea , because Raesaenenia originated relatively recently and fell under the timeframe threshold for genus level. [3] This synonymy was not accepted by Robert Lücking in a later critical analysis of this technique for lichen systematics, who noted that "if taxonomy and classification are to reflect evolutionary history, then merging them into a single genus just because of the point in time they diverged is certainly not justified". [4]

Description

Raesaenenia is characterized by having an ascus structurally similar to those of genus Phacopsis , but with somewhat cylindrical ascospores that have thickened caps of wall tissue at each end. [1] Raesaenenia huuskonenii grows on Bryoria species in the Northern Hemisphere. [5] [6] [1] Infection by the fungus results in blackened branches that are geniculately deformed (i.e., bent at a sharp angle). [7]

Related Research Articles

Parmeliaceae Family of lichens

The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia, Usnea, Parmotrema, and Hypotrachyna.

<i>Pseudephebe</i> Genus of fungi

Pseudephebe is a genus of fruticose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains three species that grow on rocks.

<i>Arctocetraria</i> Genus of lichens

Arctocetraria is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It has three species.

<i>Cetrariella</i> Genus of lichen

Cetrariella is a genus of foliose Northern lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains three species.

Cetreliopsis is a genus of four species of lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Kaernefeltia</i> Genus of fungi

Kaernefeltia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Masonhalea</i> Genus of fungi

Masonhalea is a genus of two species of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Tuckermannopsis</i> Genus of lichens

Tuckermannopsis is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Melanohalea</i> Genus of lichen

Melanohalea is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 30 mostly Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterized by the presence of pseudocyphellae, usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored epicortex, and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary compounds. Melanohalea was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the morphologically similar genus Melanelia.

<i>Melanelixia</i> Genus of fungi

Melanelixia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 15 Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterized by a pored or fenestrate epicortex, and the production of lecanoric acid as the primary chemical constituent of the medulla. Melanelixia was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the related genus Melanelia.

<i>Punctelia</i> Genus of lichen

Punctelia is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which contains about 50 species, was segregated from genus Parmelia in 1982. Characteristics that define Punctelia include the presence of hook-like to thread-like conidia, simple rhizines, and point-like pseudocyphellae. It is this last feature that is alluded to in the vernacular names speckled shield lichens or speckleback lichens.

Nesolechia is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. All three species in the genus grow on lichens. Nesolechia probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi.

Cetrariopsis is a genus of foliose lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus contains three species, including the type, Cetrariopsis wallichiana.

<i>Phacopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Phacopsis is a genus of lichenicolous lichens. They grow on parasitically on members of the lichen family Parmeliaceae, of which they are also a member. Phacopsis species appear as partially immersed shiny brown to black apothecia that cause gall-like deformations on the thallus of the host lichen. Phacopsis are distinguished from each other by the shape of their spores, the colour and amyloid staining reaction of the hypothecium, and the identity of their host lichen.

<i>Tuckermanella</i> Genus of fungi

Tuckermanella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Crespoa</i> Genus of fungi

Crespoa is a genus of five species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Species in this genus are characterized by having an upper thallus surface that is wrinkled and reticulately ridged to coarsely foveolate.

<i>Notoparmelia</i> Genus of lichenised fungi in the family Parmeliaceae

Notoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It includes 18 species that grow on bark and rocks, and are mostly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was created in 2014 as a segregate of Parmelia.

Austromelanelixia is a genus of five species of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. All species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

<i>Usnocetraria</i> Genus of lichen

Usnocetraria is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.

Paralecia is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Cladoniaceae. It contains a single species, the lichenicolous fungus Paralecia pratorum, found in Europe.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Wedin, Mats; Leavitt, Steven D.; Hawksworth, David L.; Myllys, Leena; et al. (2015). "Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen‐forming fungi". New Phytologist. 208 (4): 1217–1226. doi: 10.1111/nph.13553 .
  2. ↑ Räsänen, Veli (1948). Lichenotheca Fennica. 19–21.
  3. ↑ Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi". Fungal Diversity. 84: 101–117. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z. S2CID   40674310.
  4. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 38 (3): 199–253. doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517. S2CID   202859785.
  5. ↑ Triebel, Dagmar; Rambold, Gerhard; Elix, John A. (1995). "A conspectus of the genus Phacopsis (Lecanorales)". The Bryologist. 98 (1): 71–83. doi:10.2307/3243643. JSTOR   3243643.
  6. ↑ Peršoh, Derek; Rambold, Gerhard (2002). "Phacopsis — A lichenicolous genus of the family Parmeliaceae" (PDF). Mycological Progress. 1 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0004-0. S2CID   9935563.
  7. ↑ Hawksworth, D.L. (1978). "Notes on British lichenicolous fungi: II". Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 36: 181–198.
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