Raphidomonadea

Raphidomonads
Gonyostomum semen
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Sar
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Ochrophyta
Clade:	Chrysista
Superclass:	Raphidoistia Cavalier-Smith 1986 orth. mut. 2006
Class:	Raphidomonadea Chadefaud 1950 ex Silva 1980
Orders
Raphopoda Actinophryida Commatiida Raphidophycidae Chattonellales

Raphidomonadea is a class of Stramenopiles containing both photosynthetic and phagotrophic protists. The phagotrophic groups are known as Raphopoda, and comprise actinophryid heliozoa and the marine genus Commation . The photosynthetic groups are known as the raphidophyte algae. Their relationship was elucidated through phylogenetic analyses. ^{[1] [2]}

Classification

Classification based on Cavalier-Smith and Scoble 2013. ^[1]

• Subclass Raphopoda Cavalier-Smith 2013
  • Order Commatiida Cavalier-Smith 1997
    • Family Commatiidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Genus Commation Thomsen & Larsen 1993
  • Order Actinophryida Hartmann 1913 [Actinophrydia Kühn 1926; Actinophrydea Hartmann 1913]
    • Suborder Actinosphaerina Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Family Actinosphaeriidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
        • Genus Actinosphaerium Ritter von Stein 1857 [ Camptonema Schaudinn 1894; Echinosphaerium Hovasse 1965]
    • Suborder Actinophryina Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Family Helioraphidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
        • Genus Heliorapha Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Family Actinophryidae Dujardin 1841
        • Genus Actinophrys Ehrenberg 1830 [ Trichoda Müller 1773 nomen oblitum; Peritricha Bory de St.Vincent 1824 nomen dubium non Stein 1859]
• Subclass Raphidophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Raphidophyceae Chadefaud 1950 emend. Silva 1980 s.s.; Chloromonadophyceae Rothmaler 1951; Raphidophyta]
  • Order Raphidomonadales [Chattonellales Throndsen 1993; Chloromonadida; Chloromonadales; Raphidomonadida Heywood & Leedale 1983; Chloromonadina Klebs 1892]
    • Genus Viridilobus Demir-Hilton et al. 2012
    • Family Fibrocapsaceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Genus Fibrocapsa Toriumi & Takano 1973
    • Family Haramonadaceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      • Genus Haramonas Horiguchi 1996
    • Family Chattonellaceae Throndsen
      • Genus Oltmannsia Schiller 1925
      • Genus Chlorinimonas Yamaguchi et al. 2010
      • Genus Heterosigma Hada 1967 ex Hara & Chihara 1987
      • Genus Chattonella Biecheler 1936 [ Hornellia Subrahmanyan 1954; Hemieutreptia Hada 1974]
    • Family Vacuolariaceae
      • Genus Swirenkoiamonas Skvortzov 1968
      • Genus Vacuolaria Cienkowski 1870
      • Genus Merotricha Mereschkowsky 1877
      • Genus Gonyostomum Diesing 1866

Unplaced genera

The genus Psammamonas , described in 2013, is not placed in any family within the raphidomonads. However, the phylogenetic analysis that accompanied the description placed it as the sister group of Haramonas , in the monotypic family Haramonadaceae. ^[3]

The genus Chloromorum is not a validly published name. Its first mention is from a 2008 journal article that states its author and publication as "Tomas et al., submitted for publication", ^[4] but it was never published. The genus contains a single species, Chloromorum toxicum, which is a renaming of the taxon Chattonella cf. verruculosa. Allegedly, Chloromorum composes a new algal class known as Chloromorophyceae, but due to not being validly published (i.e. nomen nudum ), it is an illegal taxon. ^[5]

References

1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2013). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. PMID   23219323.
2. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (January 2018). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC   5756292 . PMID   28875267.
3. Grant, Brenna; Waller, Ross F.; Clementson, Lesley A.; Wetherbee, Richard (4 January 2013). "Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new dimorphic, sand-dwelling alga". Phycologia. 52 (1): 57–64. doi:10.2216/12-070.1.
4. Giner, José-Luis; Zhao, Hui; Tomas, Carmelo (2008). "Sterols and fatty acids of three harmful algae previously assigned as Chattonella". Phytochemistry. 69 (11): 2167–2171. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.013.
5. Medlin, Linda KLK; Desdevises, Yves (2018). "Sequence analysis confirms a new algal class". Vie et Milieu/Life & Environment. 68: 2–3 (151–155).