Rat control in Alberta

poster from the Alberta Department of Public Health

Since the mid-20th century, the Canadian province of Alberta has maintained an essentially rat-free status through a rigorous rat control program. Alberta is bounded by the Rocky Mountains to the west, boreal forest to the north, and with long treeless prairie and semi-arid regions to the south. The most feasible point of rat entry has historically been its eastern border with the neighboring province of Saskatchewan. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) are invasive rodents known for spreading disease and damaging crops and property. They had been advancing across the Prairies and reached Alberta's eastern border in 1950. ^{[1] [2]} Faced with the risk of plague and agricultural losses, the provincial government immediately declared rats an agricultural pest and waged a war on rats. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6]}

Background

Norway rats are highly destructive; they consume and contaminate stored grains and feed, gnaw tunnels and holes in buildings and equipment, and can transmit diseases via fleas and contamination. ^[7] Alberta's rural economy relies on secure grain storage and livestock feed, and even a small rat infestation can poses major threat. To prevent this, Alberta's 1942 Agricultural Pests Act gave power to the government to declare such pests and mandate their control. ^[8] In 1950, rats were declared a pest under this Act, triggering aggressive eradication efforts. ^[9]

References

1. "History of rat control in Alberta | Alberta.ca". www.alberta.ca. 2025-11-20. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
2. Reilly, Frances (2016-09-01). "Rats and Communism: Protecting Alberta from Invasion in the Early Cold War". NiCHE. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
3. "Alberta Rat Sightings Trigger Full-Scale Offensive". Wall Street Journal. 2012-09-21. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2025-12-06.
4. "Alberta Declares War On Rats (Again)". WSJ. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
5. Berke, Jeremy (2015-06-29). "Alberta's War on Rats". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
6. "For nearly seven decades, Alberta has been winning the war on rats". The Globe and Mail. 2024-05-04. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
7. "Rat Control in Alberta". www1.agric.gov.ab.ca. 1993-07-01. Archived from the original on 2014-09-26. Retrieved 2025-12-06.
8. Bourne, John B. (1988). Norway Rat Exclusion In Alberta (PDF). University of Nebraska - Lincoln. p. 242.
9. McTavish, Lianne; Zheng, Jingjing (2011). "Rats in Alberta: looking at pest-control posters from the 1950s". The Canadian Historical Review. 92 (3): 515–546. doi:10.3138/chr.92.3.515. ISSN   0008-3755. PMID   22145175.